Natural Moral Law

10 important questions on Natural Moral Law

What are the five primary precepts that guide us towards the ultimate aim of do good and avoid evil?

Preservation of life
Procreation
Education of Children
Living in an ordered society
Worshipping God.

What are the secondary precepts?

Aquinas does not state them like he does with the primary precepts. This leaves a lot of flexibility for a deontological and absolute theory. Any rule that can help mankind live up to the primary precepts is considered a secondary precept.

What is the principle of the double effect?

The idea that you can commit a bad act if the motive is good and it helps in the long run, having a good outcome.
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How did Finnis change Aquinas' theory?

He modernised the theory, changing it so that it did not presuppose God's existence as many people are not religious anymore. He develops the primary precepts from Aquinas giving them a more modern feel.

What are the 7 basic goods introduced by Finnis?

He says that they contribute to fulfilling life, they are universal and apply to all humans at all times, so they are absolute. To flourish as human beings we need all of these basic goods, Finnis says we discover what they are through reason.
They are:
Life
Knowledge
Play
Practical Reasonableness
Aesthetic Experience
Friendship(social-ability)
Religion

What is practical reasonableness?

People exercise practical reason when they are making moral decisions. There are 9 basic requirements of practical reasonableness, which help us in moral decision making, they help us to achieve the 7 basic goods.

What is the argument that the place of cause is at the centre of life?

It appears logical and the idea of cause, effect and end purpose do make sense.
It can be seen to be in conjuction with Kant's summum bonum
Human nature does tend to agree that virtue is the desired end for ethics.

What is the argument for the idea that there is such a thing as a natural good?

Universally recognition of morality - every sane person recognises good and bad.
A biological good e.g. health is a natural good of the body, the way that it should be.
Aquinas' distinction between apparent and real goods explains any inconsistencies.
It could be argued that the idea of telos for the world and humanity implies natural good.
The idea of natural good being integral to religion, society, etc.

What is the argument that there is no such thing as natural good?

It depends too much on opinion and interpretation.
Can natural and good be used together - for example, nature can be perceived to be cruel.
Universality is questioned - if there is natural good then why cannot everyone see it and agree on it?
Some reject a religious perception of natural good as established by a delty.
Do we share a common human nature to establish natural good.

Natural law is compatible with a religious approach to ethics - yes argument?

The idea that God establishes moral laws supports the idea of moral absolutes.
Some Christians would argue that the ten commandments are a clear example of NML.
It is the basis of roman catholic theology.
Finnis uses it to support Roman catholic ethics. Clear parallels with other ethical theories that are religious.
The practice of casuistry is integral to religious ethics as it is a form of natural law, for example it uses primary and secondary precepts like Aquinas did.
The idea of an ultimate good and conscience is compatible with religious teaching.

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