Radiology

18 important questions on Radiology

What are the only 2 factors that affect film quality

kVp and Aluminum Filtration

Increased mA, Exposure time, kVp, Filtration, and Distance mean what

mA= increased density
ET= increased density
kVp= increased density
Filtration= decreased density
Distance= decreased density

Short scale of contrast

mostly blacks and whites
decreased kVp and filtration
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Target to film distance?

large

Maxillary PA anatomy

coronoid process
tuberosity
zygomatic arch
sinus floor
sinus cavity
septum in sinus

Maxillary premolar PA will show X/Y formation, what is it made of

nasal floor
nasal cavity
sinus floor
sinus cavity

Maxillary anterior PA anatomy

nasal floor
nasal septum
anterior nasal spine
incisive foramen

Mandibular posterior PA anatomy

external oblique ridge
internal oblique ridge
mylohyoid ridge
inferior alveolar nerve
mental foramen

Panoramic: places too far posterior

anterior teeth are blurred and wide
pudgy=posterior

Panoramic: chin too low

happy face
condyles off top of image

Panoramic: imposing air space

dark space around maxillary roots
tongue not places against palate

Panoramic: imposing spinal shadow

white strip down the center of anteriors
patient slumped forward

Biological sensitivity to radiation

rapid turnover cells have increased  damage rate
children are more sensitive

Somatic vs. Genetic effects

genetic are only ones that can be passed to children, reproductive cells
somatic cells are everything else

High sensitivity tissues

reproductive tissue
lymphoid tissue
bone marrow
intestines
mucous membranes

Medium sensitivity tissues

growing cartilage
growing bone
salivary glands
fine blood vessels
lungs
kidneys
liver

Low sensitivity tissues

nerve tissue
skeletal muscle
heart
optic lens
mature bone
mature cartilage

Maximum Permissible Dose Non-occupational

0.5 rem/year
0.005 Sv./year

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