Eye movements

5 important questions on Eye movements

Why do we make eye movements?

  1. The retina had a variable resolution; only fovea permits high-resolution color vision
  2. Motion of the image on the retina blurs our vision. Thus, we need to stabilize the retinal image

Describe the three types of eye movement

  • Saccades

Scanning movements where the gaze is abruptly shifted from one point to the next. There is no visual feedback possible during a saccade.
  • Vergence

Cooperative movements that keep both eyes fixed on the target in depth (convergence or divergence).
  • Pursuit

Smooth tracking movements that keep an object's image fixed in place on the retina.

What is an optokinetic relflex (OKR)?

The optokinetic response is a combination of a saccadeand smooth pursuit eye movements. It is seen when an individual follows a moving object with their eyes, which then moves out of the field of vision at which point their eye moves back to the position it was in when it first saw the object.
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What is a vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)?

The vestibulo-ocular reflex(VOR) is a reflex, where activation of the vestibular systemcauses eye movement. This reflex functions to stabilize images on the retinas (in yoked vision) during head movement by producing eye movements in the direction opposite to head movement, thus preserving the image on the center of the visual field(s).

Describe the saccade kinematics

  • Larger saccades last longer
  • Larger saccades have higher peak velocities
  • Relation between amplitude and duration
  • Relation between amplitude and peak velocity

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