Summary: Neurobiology

Read the summary and the most important questions on Neurobiology

• 1 Les 1 General overview of the nervous system

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• How many connections and neurons do we have in our brain?

  There are approximately 100 billion neurons and 100 trillions of connections in the human brain.

• What is the general pathway of a signal through a neuron?

  A signal arrives at the dendrites and travels through the soma and goes through the axons to the second neuron.

• What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

  It supplies the CNS with nutrients and hormones, and it carries away wastes, circulating through the ventricles and central canal. 

• Why do the brain needs his own immune system?

  Because the blood brain barrier isolates the brain from the rest of the body. 

• Why is it important that the blood brain barrier controls which substances go in out the brain from the blood?

  In blood there is a lot of fluctuation of the composition and for the brain it is the best if the consistency of is as stable as it can be, and the blood brain barrier helps. 

• 1.1 Cells in the nervous system

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• What is a ganglion and what are their functions?

  This is a group of nerve cell bodies; they function as relay points in transmitting information and therefore support the neurons.

• Why is the nervous tissue soft but doesn’t fall apart?

  There is not a lot of extracellular matrix in nervous tissue that’s what makes it soft. But it doesn’t fall apart because of its cytoskeleton that’s provides firmness.

• What is the function of the glial cells?

  These cells provide physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment

• What is myelinating axons and what is the function?

  Myelinating axons are nerve fibers surrounded by a protective layer called myelin. The function of myelin is to insulate and speed up the conduction of electrical impulses along the axon. This allows for faster and more efficient communication between different parts of the nervous system.

• 1.2 Peripheral and central nervous system

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• What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?

  The central nervous system carry out signal integration (processing information) and the peripheral nervous system carry information into and out of the CNS.