Regulation of food intake and appetite
17 important questions on Regulation of food intake and appetite
What is the basal metabolic rate?
Burning calories to maintain the basic functions of living.
Which drugs target the BMR to reduce weight?
- Dinitrophenol
- Thyroid hormones
These have serious side effects.
Which drugs target energy intake?
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Which strategies are there for drugs to loss weight?
b. reduce portion size (affecting satiation signalling)
c. affect the choice of food
What was the main strategy for drugs to lose weight?
What is the brain- periphery interaction?
- Peptides in the gut => via vagal nerve => hypothalamus => brainstem
- Adipose tissue => hypothalamus
What is the key role of the hypothalamus?
- Lateral hypothalamus: feeding centre
- Ventromedial hypothalamus: satiety centre
In mice you can see the effect of this when you make lesion in these centres
Summarize how the influence of gut hormones and adiposity tissue on the hypothalamus and brainste.
Peptides in hypothalamus.
POMC inhibits food intake.
NPY./AgRP promotes food intake.
Blood brain barrier is not complete. It can sense a lot what is happening.
Name GLP-1 agonists that are approved. And what is a additional benefit.
Wegovy (more for long-term management)
Semaglutide
Tirzepatide (also activates GIP receptors) (biggest weight loss)
Half of the participants lost 15%. 1/3 lost 20%. But side effects: nausea, diarrhoea etc.
But is also has a huge benefit in reducing cardiovascular diseases. And treat addiction
How do adipose tissue communicate with the brain?
Activating POMPC => inhibits food intake
Inhibit neurons that make you eat: NPY and AgRP.
What is important when we talk about leptin?
In what is POMC cleaved in enzymatically?
Melanocortin receptor
MC4R and MC3R are associated with increased food intake.
What is another target that doesn't fit in the pathways shown before?
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript
- Works via satiating effects of leptin.
CB1 receptor antagonists is also a drug. What is it and name an example.
Blocking it reduces the appetite.
Rimonabant. (but psychology side effects)
Name characteristics of dopamine (4) in relation to food
- Part of the mesolimbic reward system
- When the reward system doenst work => feeding deficits
- Motor impairments also associate with dopamine and feeding
- Signaling via the hypothalamus => inhibits food intake
Name characteristics of noradrenaline (4) in relation to food
- Co-localized with NPY.
=> will increase appitite.
- Increase food intake
- Leptin may inhibit noradrenalin release.
- Increased noradrenalin levels => hyperphagia => hunger feeling
Name characteristics of serotonin (2) in relation to food
- Suppress food intake
- 5HT2C knockout => increase body weight and food intake
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