Principles of chemical synaptic transmission - Neurotransmitter release - Neurotransmitters receptors and effectors

4 important questions on Principles of chemical synaptic transmission - Neurotransmitter release - Neurotransmitters receptors and effectors

There are over 100 different neurotransmitter receptors but they can be classified into two types:

- Transmitter-gated ion channels 
- G-Protein-Coupled receptors (GPCR)

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is caused by what transmitter-gated ion channels? And what ion are these channels permeable to?

ACh-gated and glutamate-gated ion channels cause EPSPs.

If the open channel is permeable to Na+ the net effect will be to depolarize the postsynaptic cell --> excitatory.

What transmitter-gated ion channels cause an IPSP?

Is the postsynaptic membrane depolarized of hyperpolarized?

GABA-gated or glycine-gated ion channels.

Hyperpolarized
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G-protein-coupled receptors can have diverse postsynaptic action. This type of transmitter action involves three steps:

1 - Neurotransmitter binds receptor in postsynaptic membrane
2 - The receptor activates G-proteins, which are free to move along the intracellular side of the membrane
3 - The activated G-proteins activate "effector" proteins, or G-protein-gated ion channels

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