Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors

6 important questions on Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors

What two categories of neurotranmitter do we distinguish?

Neuropeptides and small-molecule neurotransmitters

How is Acetylcholine removed from the synaptic cleft?

By the enzym Actylcholinesterase (AChE). It hydrolyzes ACh to acetate and choline. The choline is used to produce ACh again.

How works the neurotoxin 'Sarin'?

They inhibit AChE so ACh builds up at the receptors. This inhibits the following packages of ACh to be released, causing paralysis.
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Which muscles are often affected by myasthenia gravis?

The eyelids and other muscles controlling facial expression.

What features of the postsynaptic cell are different in myasthenia gravis patients?

- A reduction of the ACh receptors
- Widening of the synaptic cleft

How does excitotoxicity occur after a stroke?

A stroke if often a result of decreased blood flow. This causes glutamate to accumulate in the extracellular space around neurons. Because the removal of of glutamate is energy (oxygen) dependent this is impaired during stroke, so glutamate levels remain elevated.

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