Summary: New Media Challenges

Read the summary and the most important questions on New Media Challenges

• HC 1, 2 en 3: technological determinism or social construction of technology to explain media infiltration

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• What are dystopian and utopian views and what are the functions?

  An utopian view is a view were people are very optimistic about the future. It's about a community/society that has nearly perfect qualities for its citizen and foreseeing a future only about positive things. 
  A distopman view is the opposite: it's a view were people think in a very negative way about their future. 
  Functions of uption worldview:
  -Strong believe in technological development.
  -Push to invest in technological developments. 
  -Culture change toward individuation and individual empowerment. 

• What is the impact of the internet on society?

  The endless opportunities of information has lead to uptopian and dystopian views (according to Castells). It's estimated that approx. 95% of all information existing in the planet is digitised. The opportunities to connect without time and space restrictions are almost endless.

• What is "The Network Society"?

  The Network Society means structure, culture and behaviour
  with network as prevalent (heersend) organisational form. It is constructed around personal and organisational networks, powered by digital networks and emerged through interaction between tech. developments and sociocultural changes.  

• In what can SCOT be denoted?

  1. Research approach to study technical change in society, both in historical and in contemporaneous (gelijktijdig) studies.
  2. It's a theory about development of technology. 

• Who were the first using "social construction"?

  Berger and Luckmann (1966): reality is socially constructed and these processes of social construction should be the object of the sociology of knowledge.

• What's the global network society? (Castells)

  A society constructed around personal and organisational networks powered by digital networks and communicated by the internet. Global and no boundaries. This is resulted from the interaction between the emerging technological paradigm based on the digital revolution and some major sociocultural changes (like: me centred society/ process of individuation).

• What's "the rise of Social Network Sires" (SNS) on the internet?

  
  
  
  Since 2002 a new socio-technical revolution has taken place on the Internet: the rise of social network sites where now all human activities are present, from personal interaction to business, to work, to culture, to communication, to social movements, and to politics. Social Network Sites are web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. 

• HC 4: privacy

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• What are the essential elements of privacy? (Westin)

  -Solitude (eenzaamheid): there can be a place where you are not observed by others/no observations from others.
  -Reserve: information you decide not to share / the right not to share some information respected by others. 
  -Intimacy: the idea that you can create deep relationships with people you share information with/small group of people with a strong bond. 
  -Anonymity: the right not to be identified. 

• What's Altman (1975) psychological approach?

  Privacy is necessary for the development of identities (closer to social psychology, you create your own identity).

• What are the elements of privacy according to Altman?

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  1. Dynamic process: some people will get more information than others.
  2. Individual vs. group levels: privacy for a person vs. privacy for a group op people, more privacy for yourself from that of their community or family.
  3. Desired vs. actual level: privacy that we desire vs. privacy that we actually have.
  4. Optimum level (U-shape). 
  5. By directional (inwards and outwards): we are careful when other invade our space, our actions are also oriented to the privacy of somebody else / individuals might have different sensitivities.