Social' media and election campaigns

7 important questions on Social' media and election campaigns

How does new media impacts political activism, campaign, knowledge and polarization?

-Peer-to-peer connectivity: utopian view of e-technology, so increases politic self-efficacy, e-technologies can boost turnout also among less interested voters.
-Negative relationship between rise of e-technolgy and participation: we should see a rise in voting if e-tech is great, but there isn't: political participation is going down around the globe, so e-technology is actually making voting going gown.
-Young people are more e-connected and yet have lower participation levels: life cycle voting: you're not fully connected to the political system when you're young, so people aren't very interested.

What's the model of Chomsky of learning language aquisitition about?

-You can't inject ideas like the magic bullet idea
-98% of our thinking is unconscious, effortless, uncontrolled and automatic. Neutral circuits have the form of frames: this structures our understanding of everyday life. Frames are hierarchical. In politics, moral frames are the highest frames.
- You brain orders stuff --> you connect a word to visuals
-Opposed moralities: words are connected to frames. So D66 has a different frame from PVV.
-The more often the frame is activated, the stronger it gets: it becomes 'common sense'.

What are kind of effects on political information?

-Same effect on all news consumers
-Differential effects on each news consumer: we interpret the story different
-Differential effects but in one direction
-Differential effects, but in opposing directions: reinforcement dominant media opinion: SoS.
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What's the funnel of causality? (tunnel van oorzakelijk verband)

-Types of information effects in funnel of causality: effects on opinion expression: silencing, intended effects and unintended.

Why did campaigns change?




Campaign practices have become more similar across countries and the U.S. election campaigns are the forefront of the development of new campaign practices with other following. Reasons:
-modernisation
-professionalisation

Which two models describe the diffusion of u.s. campaign practices?

1. Adoption model: parties around the world adopt different campaigns practices that have proven successful in U.S. election campaigning.

2. Shopping model: political parties around the world rather study and implement selected U.S. campaign practices, depending on how well they fit within the context of the own country.

What are examples of macro trends in campaign communication?




  1. Microtargeting has become a more important campaign strategy.
  2. The need for professional campaign and communication expertise has increased.
  3. There appears to be a process of increasing professionalization.

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