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1 Lecture 1
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1.1.2 Excitation-contraction coupling
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What is the purpose of excitation-contraction coupling?
It makes sure that the cardiomyocytes act in synchrony -
What is meant by the automation of the heart?
It is spontaneous active (because it has pacemaker cells) and it can beat independent of hormonal and neuronal input. -
Is there any hormonal and neuronal input to the heart possible?
Yes, but if there isn't any, the heart will still beat. -
Where does the heart beat start?
At the SA node, a spot at the top of the right atrium (where pacemaker cells are) (they set your heart rythm. -
How does the signal from the SA node pass to the ventricals?
The electrical stimulation spreads to both atriums, and then they reach the AV node (Atrioventricular node, on the connection of the atriums and the ventricals). The AV node is the only way the signal can spread from atriums to ventricals. -
What is an important feature of the AV node?
It reacts quite slow, so it delays the signal. -
What structures are important for spreading the signal from the AV node to the whole ventricles?
The Bundle of His and the bundle branches (there is a right bundle branch and a left bundle branch. -
Why is this system of the bundle of His and the bundle branches needed?
Because it is important that left and right side and the cardiomyocytes within those sides contract at the same time -
Picture: action potential of a ventricular cell. What is the practical meaning of the completely flat line before the electrical signal?
Ventricular cells need an electrical signal to undergo an action potential. So cardiomyocytes in the lab don't do anything without an electrical signal. -
How is it possible that the resting potential of SA node cells is unstable, but the resting potential of ventricular cells is stable?
SA node cells are a little bit 'leaky' to positive ions.
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