Clinical research and biomedicine - Cloning and the law

5 important questions on Clinical research and biomedicine - Cloning and the law

What was the first cloned animal?

Dolly the sheep

What are the 2 different types of cloning?

  • Reproductive cloning
    • = to produce a living duplicate of animals/human
  • Therapeutic cloning
    • = used to isolate the embryonic stem cells for research or treatment

What are the 3 different techniques of cloning?

  1. Embryo splitting: leading to twins
  2. Nuclear substitution: replacing the nucleus of an embryo or egg with another nucleus
  3. Cell nuclear replacement: replacing the nucleus of a cell with another nucleus from a cell and electronically stimulating
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What are the 4 concerns related to cloning?

  1. Violation of human dignity: the embryo is used as a means to an end
  2. Experiments with animal cloning: very low success rate, risks and high costs
  3. Long-term effect of human cloning cannot be foreseen
  4. Therapeutic cloning could lead to reproductive cloning

How does the EU act in cloning?

There has been no attempt to prohibit ethically suspect research at EU level
  • Art. 3.2 Charter of fundamental rights: prohibition of reproductive cloning
  • Art. 6.2 a Biotechnology Directive: non patentable
  • EP Resolution 2000: critical about therapeutic cloning

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