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Culture Evolution en he Culture Brain

13 important questions on Culture Evolution en he Culture Brain

How does this explain species level selection?

Inclusive ﬁtness is the sum of the individual’s ﬁtness outcomes resulting from

own procreation and the procreation of relatives with whom individuals share genes

Explain what Kin Selection is

- Although it increases the chances that it will die prematurely, it increases the chances that other squirrels that it shares genes with will survive: Inclusive fitness

Do grandparents invest more in their daughter’s children than their son’s children?
Why would they?

Paternal uncertainty - It is always possible that the mother has been unfaithful and that the child may not in fact belong to the supposed father

- Mapping onto the degree of kin certainty, people reported being closer to their mother’s mother, followed by their mother’s father, then their father’s mother and finally their father’s father. Why is that?

- People’s mother’s mothers invest most heavily in them because there is the highest degree of certainty that the grandchild is in fact theirs.

So why do we invest time,money, eﬀort in those with whom we share no DNA?

Reciprocal Altruism, predicts that people will be most likely to cooperate with others when there future social exchange is likely and reciprocation can be expected

Explain what Dual Inheritance Theory is

aka gene-culture evolution, To think of genes like blueprints that specify the adult properties of the organism - one gene says you are tall, the other short - is wrong. A much better analogy is that genes are like a recipe, but one in which the ingredients, cooking temperature, and so on are set by the environment.

Give an example of Kids Overimitate Adults Regardless of Culture

Children in his experiments watch an experimenter open the box. The process involves undoing a number of latches on the top, bottom, and sides of the box. The experimenter also wipes this blue stick on the box. Although the blue stick has nothing to do with opening the box, children always copy the action (overimitation).

- When versions of the experiment are conducted with dogs, chimps, and

orangutans, they don’t overimitate.

- This overimitation that humans do is said to have played a critical role in the transmission of culture.

Can Biological Evolution Inﬂuence Cultural Evolution?

The distribution of collectivist or interdependent cultures as well as geographical variation in the serotonin transporter gene (lactose intolerance)

Serotonin Transporter Gene
S allele
(short)
give the associated emotions with this allel.

Associated with

- negative emotion

- heightened anxiety

- fear conditioning

- attentional bias to

negative info

70 - 80% of East Asians have the s allele

40 - 50% of Europeans have the s allele

Because of the percentage of Short allel in East Asian,you expect a high
incidence of mood disorders in this region. But that is not the case, why?

East Asian populations consistently report lower levels of anxiety and other mood disorders that are associated with the short allele.

With this cultural evolution came the protective benefits of collectivist culture such as protection against a higher degree of pathogen prevalence.

- It’s not just absolute size. the human brain compared to the size of a blue whale’s brain. What is the difference between them?

What sets humans apart is our neocortex ratio

- The neocortex is the top layer of the cerebral cortex. gives

us the capacity for much of our higher order thinking.

- Groups fell into three categories, which one's?

- Small bands (30-50 individuals)
- Medium cultural lineage groups 100 - 200
- Large tribes (500-2500).

in which the idea of independent versus interdependent self has been
previously examined is by looking at the degree of overlap between self and other judgements in different cultures.

- An independent view of self sees the self as distinct from others.

- An interdependent view of self sees overlap between the self and others.

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Culture Evolution en he Culture Brain

13 important questions on Culture Evolution en he Culture Brain

How does this explain species level selection?

Explain what Kin Selection is

Do grandparents invest more in their daughter’s children than their son’s children?Why would they?

- Mapping onto the degree of kin certainty, people reported being closer to their mother’s mother, followed by their mother’s father, then their father’s mother and finally their father’s father. Why is that?

So why do we invest time,money, eﬀort in those with whom we share no DNA?

Explain what Dual Inheritance Theory is

Give an example of Kids Overimitate Adults Regardless of Culture

Can Biological Evolution Inﬂuence Cultural Evolution?

Serotonin Transporter GeneS allele(short)give the associated emotions with this allel.

Because of the percentage of Short allel in East Asian,you expect a high incidence of mood disorders in this region. But that is not the case, why?

- It’s not just absolute size. the human brain compared to the size of a blue whale’s brain. What is the difference between them?

- Groups fell into three categories, which one's?

in which the idea of independent versus interdependent self has been previously examined is by looking at the degree of overlap between self and other judgements in different cultures.

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Do grandparents invest more in their daughter’s children than their son’s children?
Why would they?

Serotonin Transporter Gene
S allele
(short)
give the associated emotions with this allel.

Because of the percentage of Short allel in East Asian,you expect a high
incidence of mood disorders in this region. But that is not the case, why?

in which the idea of independent versus interdependent self has been
previously examined is by looking at the degree of overlap between self and other judgements in different cultures.