Diet-gene interactions
8 important questions on Diet-gene interactions
How many variation is there in the genome (between people)
- The human genome sequence is 99.6% identical in all people
- 0.4% variation: SNPs (=single nucleotide polymorphisms)
- 0.4% equals 12 million places
Which two types of mutations are there
sporadic (spontaneous) mutations
What are inherited mutations?
- Passed via sperm or egg cells from parent to the child
- Not every 'cancer-predisposing mutation' leads to cancer
- 5-10% of all cancers are inherited
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What is happening in the Lynch syndrome?
- Inherited mutation is a mismatch repair gene
- MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM
- High risk to get different types of cancer
- (endometrial, ovarian, gastric, bladder, small bowel, pancreatic etc.
- Risk of colorectal cancer during life is highest
It can already occur in 20 years
Genetic susceptibility to diet
- Genes
- high frequency
- low penetrance
- interaction
- genes may possibly influence exposure to diet
How to replicate findings?
- Small effect estimates
- variation in (assessment of)
- diet/lifestyle
- genotype frequencies
- other characteristics
How to include dietary factors?
- Dietary intake varies over time
- More objective measures needed?
- 'Exposomics'?
How to increase the sample sizes?
--> Consortia
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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