Dietary guidelines
13 important questions on Dietary guidelines
What is a healthy diet? (main things)
- Energy balance
- Nutrient intakes recommendations
- growth and development, body function
- Food-based dietary guidelines
- prevention of chronic diseases
- Food safety
How can you show/describe the nutrition in a total context
Food basted dietary guidelines
Who are members of a dietary guideline committee? (FBDG committee members)
- Physiologists
- Medical doctors
- Molecular nutritionists
- Food technologist
- Toxicologists
- Behavioural scientists
- Nutritionists
- Epidemiologists
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Prospective cohort study
- Important for dietary guidelines
- Long follow-up period
- Disease or mortality endpoints
- Associations, not sure about causality
- Bias & confounding
What is the potential problem with cohort study?
Randomised controlled trail
- No confounding
- Causal effects
- Adherence to intervention
- Short-term changes
- Only few exposures/doses
- Mostly no disease endpoints
Which measure of association? (randomised controlled trial
(DeltaBP = DeltaBP/DeltaBP t-test/anova/etc) Mean difference
You can do a relative risk, if you say is there hypertension in the end yes or no
Sustainable diets are ... (definition by FAO)
- protective and respectful of biodiversity and ecosystems
- Culturally acceptable
- Accessible, economically fair and affordable
- Nutritionally adequate, safe and healthy
... While optimising natural and human resources
Why do we need a sustainable food system?
- Increasing demand of foods
- growing population
- emerging economies
- Environmental concerns
- competing interest for arable land
- food consumption: §±25% greenhouse gas emission
- Access to safe and nutritious food not guaranteed for all consumers
- health inequity
Where does the planetary health plate contains of (from the EAT-Lnacet commission on food, planet, health
- Optimal caloric intake
- diversity of plant based foods, low amounts of animal source foods
- unsaturated fats rather than saturated fats
- Limited amounts of refined grains and highly processed foods
- Doubling of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts
- 50% reduction of added sugars and red meat
Benefits of Mediterranean diet
- Health benefits
- protects against CVD, type 2 diabetes and various cancers
- Fulfills micronutrient requirements
- Healthier body weight
- May prevent cognitive decline, dementia and mental disorder
- high sociocultural food value
- also: slow eating, eating together etc.
- Lower environmental impacts, preserves richness in biodiversity
- Positive local economic returns
What is the traditional Mediterranean diet
- Olive oil
- Legumes, nuts
- Cereals, mainly unrefined
- Vegetables
- Fruits
Moderate to high consumption
- Fish
Moderate consumption
- Dairy, mainly cheese, yoghurt
- Wine, if allowed
Low consumption
- Meat and meat products
Salt: a dietary risk that is often ignored ....
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