Quality lessons - Continuous improvement

17 important questions on Quality lessons - Continuous improvement

Which 3 tools can help organisations to improve?

1. Balance score card

2. Theory of cosntraints

3. Lean

What are the 4 perspectives of the balanced scorecard?

1. Customer perspective: you can measure this by looking at the customer satisfaction, the delivery reliability and the market share.

2. Internal processes: At what processes should the org. Be good at to keep customers and shareholders happy? Speed? cost? 

3. Learning & growth: How will we be able to keep changing and improving our vision? Infrastructural change? E.g. Training days, teambuilding,..

4. Financial: Kaplan and Norton say that if you perform well in the first 3 perspectives, the financial one will follow.

Why do organisations need to go from CSF to KPI?

CSF are difficult to communicate towards the employees and difficult to measure.
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What is the theory of constraint?

The chain is as strong as its weakest link. We need to focus on the constraint in the chain that might cause sale losses in the process. This can be because of 3 types of constraint:

Equipment: That person has bad equipment he is working with and this is slowing him down.

People: That employee is just not made to do that job, doesn't work efficiently enough

Policy: Maybe that person has to do a check-up procedure that takes some time.

There is only a problem if the customers asks more than the chain can produce

What are the biggest waste factors?

- Waiting time
- Too much stock
- Mistakes
- Unused capacity
- Transport and material handling

How can waste be eliminated?

- 5S: Giving everything in your factory a fixed spot
- Kanban: If minimum safety stock is reached, hang up a card to reorder this product.

What is the difference between lean and lean six sigma?

Lean is a way of life, a way of thinking.

Lean six sigma is a technique to tackle specific problems.

What are the 5 steps of the lean six sigma tool?

1. Define the problem
2. Measure
3. Analyse
4. Improve
5. Control

If the problem still has not improve back to define

What is the ullitmate goal of six sigma?

The ultimate goas is to only make 3.4 mistakes per million opportunities. ( Domestic airlines)

What are the misunderstandings of lean six sigma and lean?

- That they are only applicable in product industries: NOT TRUE

- That sig sigma is about measuring and lean not: NOT TRUE

How does the EFQM work?

You will have to fill in a questionnaire with questions about the 5 enablers:
- Leadership-> Role of mgmt
- People -> take care of your people
- Strategy -> smart goals
- Partnership -> Suppliers/stakeholders
- ¨Processes -> internal

And it will after this give you feedback on 4 result areas (Business, customer, people, society)

What are the 2 types of questionnaires you can give your customers?

- Open questions -> aims at the future

- Critical incident method: " What was your experience at your last purchase?" -> Aims at the future

What are the 2 improvement models in service industry?

- SERVQUAL: Service quality

- Customer service assesment scale

What is the purpose of SERVQUAL?

Trying to understand the gap between the expectation of the customer and the service provided.

What are the 4 possible gaps in SERVQUAL?

1. Opinion of the customer differs from opinion of the company
2. Mgmt understands the need but wrong spec. Set up. ( customers do not know what needs to happen)
3. No good translation to executable standards
4. Communication towards customers differs from reality.

What is the disadvantage of the SERVQUAL tool?

It is very subjective and only deals with customer happiness.

Solution: Customer service assessment scale

What is the customer service assessment scale do?

It takes 2 dimensions into account.

- Procedural dimension: Service being provided according to standards?
- Convivial dimension: Friendly?

You get split up in 4 categories:

- Freezer: Bad on both dimensions
- Factory: Done the necessary but nothing more
- Friendly zoo: really friendly but no solution offered
- Full balance: good at both

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