BUREAUCRACY, EFFICIENCY & FORMS OF CONTROL

4 important questions on BUREAUCRACY, EFFICIENCY & FORMS OF CONTROL

What are the 2 forms of control?

Hard coercion = formal control (regulation and sanctions/rules)
Soft coercion = informal control (socialization (copy behaviour of other members), norms and values)

What are the concepts/elements of rationalization?

Use to understand authority based organizations
1. Based on traditional forms (premodern). F.e. princes and kings --> based on tradition, social precedent, rituals and loyalty (also: maffia)
2. Based on charismatic elements (characteristics of a leader, power of a person). F.e. Steve Jobs - Apple. Comes down to an individual person (trait theory, domination, narcissism (can be: dictator = dark side)
3. Modern rational legal system (bureaucracy). Exercise of control on the basis of knowledge; not the leader, but the bureau (formal rules); the way in which someone is enrolled in the system (they have to meet the criteria (= regulation)

Explain red tape and iron cage

Red tape --> formal rules can be static, can be blocks for creativity and enthusiasm
Iron cage --> the system should be perfect, everything is spelled out (no room) --> can lead to alienation (imprisonment in bureaucracy)
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Explain Fayols span of control

Leaders want to stay in control --> so creating sub-units (mostly in large org.), so they can manage behaviour and strategies. Efficiency, transparancy and becoming more organized. (Division of labour: split up in sections)

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