A brief history of organizational theory
20 important questions on A brief history of organizational theory
Explain the main idea ofAdam Smith regarding economic efficiency
Explain the main idea of Karl Marx regarding economic efficiency
His ideas about labor and capitalism inspired critical theory
What is the connection between Emile Durkheim and Adam Smith?
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
Max Weber introduced the idea that societies organized themselves using different authorities before and after the industrial revolution. Which 3 different authorities?
Charismatic authority (pre-industrial)
Rational-legal authority (after industrialization)
Explain the concept of traditional authority
Explain the concept of charismatic authority
Explain the concept of rational-legal authority
Weber additionally introduced the theory of bureaucracy as an ideal model for governing organizations and societies. But why did he fear bureaucracy?
Weber makes the distinction between two different rationalizes, which two?
Substantive rationality : takes the desired end of an action into account when assessing the effectiveness of an organization. Substantive rationality stops formal rationality from creating an iron cage.
The modern perspective on organizations focusing on the ideals of progress and rationality (when people base their actions on facts ipv opinions.
3 theories support these ideals, which 3?
2) The socio-technical systems theory
3) The contingency theory
Explain the socio-technical systems theory
What is the primary theory of interest from the symbolic perspective?
What is a symbol?
Social construction operates through three mechanisms, which 3?
2) Objectification: making something an object
3) Internalization: accepting the inter subjectively externalized and objectified understandings of a social group as reality
This three mechanisms are ongoing within the social construction process that produces stability.
How do symbolists see the connection between stability and change regarding symbols?
Explain the enactment theory (one of the three phenomena within the symbolic perspective)
Therefore, organizations are fictions that are created by members
The theory argues that the process of organizing should be of primary interest, as opposed to the organizations.
The theory combines the concept of externalization and objectification to create the new cognitive process of reification - when something is made real (which is what humans are doing to organizations by making cognitive maps
Explain the concept of institutions and institutionalization.
(one of the three phenomena in the symbolic perspective)
Institutionalization is what you present as understanding and how this understanding is created.
An institution can become indispensable to society and hence be institutionalized, by asserting its value through symbols.
If an institution has social legitimacy, their behavior can diverge from rational expectations and the institution can still exist based on the justification of social legitimacy.
Therefore, the irrational behavior of organizations is hidden from public view and an institutional myth is created instead.
Explain the concept of culture
(one of the three phenomena in the symbolic perspective)
A method that the symbolic perspective use if to research culture is thick description; a variation of traditional ethnography. Thick description focuses on meanings that are beneath the surface of everyday events that reveal culture and its operations. The description is created through detailed description and careful documentation and presents the researchers observations and interpretations regarding the culture.
Research as storytelling and narrative.
All scientific writing is an act of storytelling and there are three styles of storytelling, which 3?
2)confessional tales: a text in which the author is very much present
3)Impressionist tales: highly personal accounts
Explain the following two concepts: narrative perspective and narrative voice.
Narrative voice: concerns the extent to which the narrator writes themselves into their narrative.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
