Perception and individual decision making

11 important questions on Perception and individual decision making

What is perception? And why is it important to the study of OB?

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in oder to give meaning to their environment. It is important to the study of OB because people's behaviors are based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.

What is attribution theory? And what are its three determining factors?

It is an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused. Three determining factors are 1. distinctiveness 2. consensus 3. consistency.

What is stereotyping? And why do people use stereotypes?

judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs. It is a means of simplifying a complex world and it permits us to maintain consistency. We have to monitor ourselves to make sure we're not applying them unfairly.
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Which three applications of shortcuts exist in organizations?

Employment interview, performance expectations and performance evaluation.

What are decisions and what kind of decisions are made by different types of managers?

Decisions are choices made from among two or more alternatives. Top managers determine goals, products to offer, how to finance operations or locate a new plant. Middle and lower level managers determine production schedules, select employees and decide about pay raises. Some non managerial employees are now empowered to make decisions that have been previously made by managers.

What is a problem? and how are problems linked to decision making?

A discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state. Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem and requires interpretation and evaluation of information

What is an overconfidence bias?

Individuals whose intellectual and interpersonal abilities are weakest are most likely to overestimate their performance and ability.

What is an escalation of commitment?

Staying with a decision even when there is a clear evidence that it's wrong. Escalation is most likely to occur when individuals view themselves as responsible for the outcome.

What organizational constraints exist for deviations from the rational model?

Performance evaluation, reward systems, formal regulations, system imposed time constraints, historical precedents.

What is creativity? And why is this relevant for rational decision makers?

The ability to produce novel and useful ideas. A rational decision maker also needs creativity to fully appraise and understand a problem.

What is the three component model of creativity? Explain all three elements that make up this model.

The proposition that individual creativity requires expertise, creative thinking skills and intrinsic task motivation. Expertise=the foundation for all creative work. Creative thinking skills=encompasses personality characteristics associated with creativity, the ability to use analogies and to see the familiar in a different light. Intrinsic task motivation= the desire to work on something because it's interesting involving, exciting, satisfying or personally challenging.

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