Group Relationships
8 important questions on Group Relationships
What is the importance of groups in organisations?
- ordering of social environment
- social groups = emotional significance
- personal vs. social identity
- in-group vs. out-group
Why do groups need interaction to function?
- To establish & negotiate regulatory norms
- To maintain conformity
- For sense-making, the process of giving meaning to experience
- For decision-making & problem-solving
What group decision modes are there?
– Lack of response
– Authority rule
– Minority coalition (or ‘railroading’)
+ Majority rule (voting)
+ Consensus
+ Unanimit
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When are there group advantages of synergy?
- When a task requires a wide range & variety of info & skills
- When neither the group nor the individual compared possess expertise on the task
- When a task is particularly complex, and even though both the group and the individual compared have expertise
- When comparing a group of non-experts to an individual with special expertise, the group may sometimes produce a superiordecision to the individual
When is there a individual advantage?
- Groups with uninformed members will usually not outperform a person with specific expertise in the problem being confronted
- A motivated individual working at full capacity may outperform a group using norms of mediocrity
- When groups become too large (>10), individuals may outperform groups [groups may experience task coordination & efficiency problems, as well as ‘social loafing’]
- When a task is simple, groups do not produce superior decisions to individuals
- When time is a critical factor [in crisis situations]
What roles and role categories are there?
- Task Roles, e.g. initiator, information seeker, energizer
- Maintenance Roles, e.g. harmonizer, comedian, gatekeeper
- Self-Centered Roles, e.g. dominator, aggressor, blocker
What are the main premises of the interpretive perspective?
1: Bona Fide Group Perspective
Two Central Parts of the Group Experience:
- Stable yet permeable group boundaries (different groups, group expectations, entrance/exit, commitment)
- Interdependence with their relative contexts
Essential role of Norms in Group Action
- Groups reduce uncertainty, promote confidence in own actions
- Basis for shared expectations (e.g. work standards, behaviour)
Role of groups in establishing Values and Sense Making
• Groups provide frames of reference for appropriate behaviour
• Groups construct and sustain organizational reality and culturethrough their communication
Cultural differences impact group relationships
• e.g. Individualism, collectivism (different degrees of intimacy andcoordination, different decision-making processes, etc.)
What does Giddens' Structuration Theory of the critical view entail?
- social structure is a product of human action
- social structures enable humans both to act and to constrain their subsequent actions
- human action creates social structures by producing and reproducing them
- in doing so, group members may create work situations that are either oppressive or empowering
--> dialectic of control
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