Summary: Organsiche Chemie I
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5 Alkenen : structuur, nomenclatuur en inleiding tot de reactiviteit
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5.1 Moleculaire formule en graad van onverzadiging
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Give the general molecular formula for an acyclic and a cyclic alkene
CnH2n & CnH2n-2 -
What is a compound's degree of unsaturation?
The total numbers of pi-bonds and rings. -
What makes a compound an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
When it doesn't have the maximum number of hydrogens -
5.4 Alkeen isomeren; cis-trans isomeren en het E,Z systeem
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What's the difference between cis and trans isomerism?
The cis isomer has its substituents on the same side of the ring, the trans isomer on opposite sides. -
How can you obtain cis-trans isomerism?
They result from restricted rotation -
How do you obtain cis-trans isomerism when you have a double bond? (alkene)
They have to rotate, but this can only happen if the pi-bond breaks. This means that the pi-bonds ar no longer parallel. The energy required to do this, is much greater than the energy needed to rotate single bond. -
How do you distinguish cis and trans-isomers ?
- Different physical properties
IMPORTANT => trans-isomers are not polarised (dipole moments of their individual bonds cancel => section 1.16), cis-isomers are. - Different physical properties
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When is it no longer applicable to use cis- and trans isomerism?
When there is a carbon that doesn't have ahydrogen . -
How do we use the E,Z system?
By looking at the relative priority of each substituent bonded to the sp2-carbons -
5.5 De functionele groep bepaalt de wijze waarop een verbinding reageert
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What is a nucleophile?
Something that is looking for an electron deficient species. => it can share electrons with others
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