Introduction to immune system
18 important questions on Introduction to immune system
Describe the function of the immune system + definition of pathogens
Pathogens: disease causing agents that disrupt normal physiology of the infected organism
Describe the innate immune system (types + response)
Chemical barriers: stomach acid, lysozymes in eye
Innate response: inflammatory response cells
Mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells
Describe the adaptive immune system (response, cells involved, products)
Cell-mediated: T-lymphocytes
Products: CD4+ & CD8+ T-cells
Humoral: B-cells
Products: antibodies
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How are the 2 branches of the immune system linked
Describe the difference between the 2 immune branches (time + memory) and the function of dendritic cells
Adaptive: response takes days, memory cells ensure rapid response on 2nd exposure
Dendritic cells: links innate to adaptive
Activates, instructs, cooperates
Extra info age/evolution of immune system
Adaptive immunity: 450 million years ago
In which 3 ways do intracellular pathogens subvert the phagocytic pathway
2. Prevent fusion with lysosomes
3. Surivive in phagolysosome
How does the innate immune system recognize pathogens
Examples: cell wall components, viral RNA or DNA
What is the two signal requirement and why is it necessary
PAMPS are not pathogen exclusive -> DAMPS (danger associated) must be detected as well to fully activate innate immunity
Whats the difference in roles between B-cells and T-cells
T cells: attack infected or tumor cells
How does the adaptive immune system recognize pathogens
Describe B/T-cell receptors (unique, amount)
Humans: unique collection of millions of different B/T-cells
How is variation in T and B cell receptors generated
How does clonal selection work + how is attack on own tissues prevented
Attack on own tissues: self-reactive T/B-cell clones are deleted during development
How is adaptive immunity activated
Antigen exposure -> stimulates B cells
Helper T-cells -> stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
Describe antigen presentation (protein, difference between classes)
Major Histocompatibility Class
Most polymorphic protein family
Class I:
Present on all cells -> enables recognition of infected cells
Class II:
(On) macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells -> enables antigen presentation to helper T-cells
Plaatje werking helper T-cells (+ verschil humoral en cell-mediated immunity)
Cell-mediated: attack on infected cells
What are regulatory T and B cells (+ function)
Prevent overactivation of immune response
Suppress funcitons of other immune cells
Important to maintain homeostasis and autoimmunity
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