Indtoduction - Hygiene hypothesis
11 important questions on Indtoduction - Hygiene hypothesis
What is the hygiene hypothesis?
Which changes in lifestyle led to a change in microbial exposure?
2. Slow food to fast food
3. Physical labour to sitting professions
4. Outdoors to indoors
5. More isolation, central heating and less humid in houses
6. Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (improved sanitation)
What is the Old Friends hypothesis?
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What did studies show on the association between helminths and atopy/asthma?
Which responses happen when you get infected with a helminth? And how does this affect the immune response to allergens?
After time, you see regulatory T cells developing.
This leads to spill over suppression to helminth antigens and bystander antigens (eg allergens).
Therefore, also immune responses to allergens are being reduced.
What can regulatory T cells do?
2. Affect antigenpresentation
3. Work on B-cells
4. Inhibit cells of innate immune system
Which responses do you get in the acute stage and in the chronic state/infancy? Ant what effect do they have on allergy/inflammatory
Chronic/infancy: type 1, anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory
What is the role of Tcells in the hygiene hypothesis?
Why is the early time window important?
How do gut microbiota influence digestion?
Why are SCFAs important for the immune system?
2. They act on the mucous production and the tight junction molecules between epithelial cells
3. They act on effector T-helper cells, such as TH1 and Th17 that make sure there is an increased immunity towards pathogens
4. They act on dendritic cells and macrophages, which leads to the upregulation of regulatory T-cells and the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL10
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