Indtoduction - Survival strategies

6 important questions on Indtoduction - Survival strategies

Which interesting features do trypanosomatids have?

1. They have 1 mitochondrion per cell
2. It has a kinetoplast (mini+maxi circle DNA)
3. It has mitochondrial RNA editing

What are difficulties with covering the entire surface with one single protein (VSG)? And how can they overcome them?

1. Limited flexibility. To overcome this, VSG is anchored to membrane via GPI (lipid anchor)
2. You need a molecular mechanism for antigenic variation. To overcome this, the parasite has 1. In situ switch, 2. Telomere exchange and 3. Gene conversion

What are survival strategies of ascaris?

Both the eggs and larvae are resistant to acidic environment
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Do all parasites have a fermentative metabolism?

Yes, even when they use oxygen

What are survival mechanisms of protozoal parasites?

1. Antigenic variation
2. Intracellular location, so hidden from immune system
3. Manipulation of host immune system

How does schistosoma survive in the bloodvessel for years?

1. Tegument surface structure, covered by double membrane
2. Mimicry: binding host components on surface
3. Immune modulation by excreted factors (Th2, Treg)
4. Anti-thrombotic activity: inhibition of platelet activation

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