The hematopoietic and lymphoid systems - The bone marrow
26 important questions on The hematopoietic and lymphoid systems - The bone marrow
What are the two types of leukocyte (white blood cell) stem cells, and how are they also called?
- Lymphoid stem cell
Also called the hematopoietic stem cells
What types of cells do these 2 types of stem cells develop into?
- Erythrocytes
- Platelets
- Monocytes
- Myeloblast:
- Basophil
- Neutrophil
- Eusinophil
Where does the process of hematopoiesis take place?
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What is achieved with the process of hematopoiesis?
What are three indices for the size of the red blood cell and the amount of hemoglobin in the cell?
- MCH (Mean Cell Hemoglobin): average amount of hemoglobin per cell
- MCHC (Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration): size and volume of red blood cells, amount of hemoglobin in a cell.
What happens during the process of the maturation of an erythrocyt from an erythroblast, and what is the lifespan of a red blood cell?
- A red blood cell lives for about 150 days.
What is the function of neutrophils after leaving the bone marrow?
They die in the process of cleaning up, so their life span is only hours to days.
What is the function of lymphocytes?
What can be found in the granules of thrombocytes?
- Growth factors
- ADP
What is the function of thrombocytes?
How is a decrease in erythrocytes called?
What are three possible causes of anemia?
B. Impaired production
C. Blood loss
What types of things can cause increased destruction of red blood cells?
- Extrinsic things: antibody-mediated (auto-immune disease), mechanic trauma (caused by heart valves, for example)
What can cause impaired production of red blood cells?
- Disturbed proliferation of erythroblasts
- Marrow displacements/infiltrations (metastasis, leukemia)
What are symptoms of anemia?
- Jaundice
- Splenomegaly: the body tries to make the red blood cells in the spleen
How are leukemias classified?
- Chronic leukemias: arise from mature blood cells.
but:
When the leukemia arises from lymphoid mature cells:
→ (just) chronic leukemia
When the leukemia arises from myeloid mature cells:
→ chronic myeloproliferative disease
What are 5 types of neoplastic diseases of the bone marrow?
2. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia: proliferation & differentiation
3. Myelodysplastic diseases: proliferation & differentiation of bad quality blood cells
4. Mastocytosis: too many mast cells
5. (Secondary) tumors
What is an important myelodysplastic disease?
(The red blood cells are also affected because of the space the abnormal cells take up in the bone marrow.)
What are the two types of acute leukemias?
- Acute myeloid leukemia
Leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes excessive amounts of abnormal white blood cells. When is an abnormality in white blood cell production called leukemia?
What is leukemic organ infiltration?
What does the prognosis of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia depend on?
- organ infiltration,
- the immunophenotype
Which of the acute leukemia types is most common in children?
the incidence of acute myeoloid leukemia increases over age
What is chronic leukemia characterised by?
What is one of the severe symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia?
To what can chronic myeloid leukemia progress?
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