Neuropathology
16 important questions on Neuropathology
What are the cellular consequences of ischemia?
- Neuronal damage and death (‘red neurons’)
- Loss of myelin
- Death of glia cells
- Loss of tissue with clearing reaction (colliquation) → influx of granulocytes en monocytes/macrophages
- Cavitation
Clinical picture epidural and subdural hemorrhages
- Trauma
- Clear interval → progressive deterioration of consiousness → death
- Therapy: decompression (via a hole in the skull)
Clinical picture subarachnoidal hemorrhages
- From an aneurysma (young age)
- Hyperacute severe headache and sudden loss of consciousness
- Therapy: coil / clip
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Clinical picture intraparenchymal hemorrhage
- Very severe
- Bleeding inside the brain parenchyma
- Brain parenchyma offers little resistance → easy spread
- Fast increase of intracranial pressure
- Mortality 75-80%
- Risk factors: hypertension, blood thinners, trauma
What are the causative agents of meningitis?
- Bacterial (almost always acute and severe)
- Viral (often mild)
- Others (fungi & parassites) (always severe)
What are the causative agents of encephalitis?
- Viral (always severe brain tissue damage) – Herpes simplex, CMV, Rabies, HIV, JCV, etc.
- Bacterial & fungine: immigrants
- Parasitic
Where is the diagnostisch of encephalitis based on?
Describe progressive multifcoal leukoncephalopathy (PML)
- Viral infection (John Cunningham virus)
- Most prevalent amongst immunocompromised patients (HIV patients before current treatment)
- Now: new immunosuppressive treatment for MS
- Very severe, often lethal
What are the metastases of CNS tumors?
What are the primary CNS tumors?
Which infections occur mostly in epidural en subdural spaces?
In what infectious meningtis can be grouped?
- Acute pyogenic
- Aseptic
- Chronic
In which groups astrocytomas as grouped?
From where CNS tumors arise?
With what increasing tumor malignancy is associated?
What is the most dominant type of tumor that metastasize into the nervous system?
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