Endothelial permeability
22 important questions on Endothelial permeability
What do venules (collect blood after capillary bed) regulate?
- Leukocyte trafficking (important in immune response)
What two things regulate the transcapillary leak (Net Driving Force)?
- Effective osmotic pressure difference (π)
How is the Net Driving Force on the arterial and the venous side of the capillary?
- Venous: hydrostatic capillary pressure has dropped → reabsorption
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What is the basal membrane of a vessel?
What are the three types of capillaries?
- Fenestrated capillary (small holes: fenestra)
- Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillary: large gaps between cells.
Where can those different types of capillaries be found in the body?
- Fenestrated: glomerulus, endocrine glands
- Discontinuous: liver sinusoids
What happens in the case of an inflammatory reaction to the glycocalyx?
What aspect of bulk flow is different in the brain, which creates the blood-brain barrier?
- which is more pronounced in the brain, thereby creating a firm barrier.
What happens in inflammation with the vascular permeability?
What happens to the vascular permeability and leakage in chronic inflammation?
What are three types of cell-cell contacts, and what are their properties?
Gap junctions: form channels between 2 cells, so if something happens in a cell, other cells 'know'
Adherens junctions: only in endothelial cells, consist of VE-cadherin
What makes vascular permeability and leakage go up in inflammation?
By what two things are the (dynamic) cell-cell contacts regulated?
2. Signaling through phosphorylation
What molecule controls the cell shape and adhesion?
At what place in the cell is the highest amount of actin?
How are the VE-cadherin interactions be regulated by actin?
What is the difference between the adherens junctions of healthy cells and other cells, and what causes this difference??
disturbance or shear stress causes:
Focal adherens junctions: force causes larger gaps (because actin is perpendicular to the gap)
What is the problem with focal adherens junctions?
How is the force on the cell regulated?
What is needed for optimal cell adhesion?
What factor increases vascular permeability?
What can disrupt the cell-to-cell contact by disassembly of cell junctions?
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