The Brain-Mind link

11 important questions on The Brain-Mind link

What is Brodmans map?

- A map based on structure --> Not a functional map

What are Retrograde tracers (WGH-HRP) and Anterograde tracers (Pha-L)?

Retrograde: tracing neural connections from their point of termination to their source.
Anterograde: tracing neural connections from their source to their point of termination

How do we trace anatomical connections in humans?

- Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
- Using fractional Anisotrophy of MRI voxels
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What is Grapheme-Color Synesthesia? And can we see that in the brain?

Seeing letters and numbers in specific colors.
Yes, in the brain we can see an increased structural connectivity.

What types of Grapheme-Color Synesthesia are there?

- Associators: Mental Link
- Projectors: Actually seeing the colors

What is the brain difference between Grapheme-color synesthesia projecors & assosciators?

- Projectors: greater connectivity in inferior temporal cortex

What is the difference between left and right hemisphere regarding cell bodies?


- Pyramidal cell bodies are larger on the left than on the right in Heschl's gyrus.
- (but not in Angular Gyrus, a region posterior to Wernicke, not involved in language)

What is pyramidal weakness and what does it teach us?

Damage to corticospinal tract paresis,
- With spasticity/flaccidity: A patters of weakness in the extensors or flexors.
--> Learns us how the CST (corticospinal tract) influences balance between alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord

Where does the facial nerve leave the skull? And what problem may that cause?

Below the mastoid, having passed close to the inner ear. It can get obstructed by ear infections or other problems in that region: Bell's palsy (gezicht slaphangen)

What is the Sella Turcica?

Turkish Saddle,
This is where the pituitary gland sits, in a bone cavity at the base of the skull.
Just above lies the optic chiasm

Why is the first world war so important for brain research?

Use of FMJ bullets produced clean brain lesions an started the study of retinotopy.

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