Color, Motion and Shape, extrastriate visual areas

14 important questions on Color, Motion and Shape, extrastriate visual areas

Why do some people see the dress as white and gold and others as black and blue?

Black and blue in sunlight emit exactly the same wavelength as gold (yellow) and white in the shadow.
Your brain does not have sufficient information about the lighting conditions:
- is this bright sunlight (so that the dress is in the shade)?
- Is everything overexposed (so that the dress is in the sunlight?

What happens when you have lesions in V4/v8?

Results in cortical color blindness (achromatopsia)
(different from retinal color blindness: all color is gone, things look very depressing)

Medial Superior Temporal (MST) neurons respond to?

Particular motion flow fields (often caused by self-motion)
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What is akinetopsia? Where is the damage?

Unable to perceive motion
- Bilateral MT, MST, STS lesions

What happens when you use TSM on MT (V5)?

Disruption of motion perception

What other problems than color vision can someone with achromatopsia have?

Not being able to to distinguish illusory contours & complex shapes

The Lateral Occipital Cortex (LOC) responds to shapes that are:

- Not scrambled, but can be unfamiliar --> LOC recognises shape, even if unfamliar

- Responds to shapes from motion stimuli (but doesn't respond to motion itself)

Where are face selective cells in monkeys? And where in humans?

- Monkeys: Inferotemporal cortex
- Humans: Medial temporal lobe (FFA)

Hierarchical coding hypothesis of visual perception:

- Low level  cells -->  Very specific cells (grandmother cell)

What is the combinatorial explosion problem?

Hierarchical coding hypothesis says you need a cell for every object, that's alot m8

Ensemble coding theory:

- every neuron codes an aspect --> Combination makes your grandmother

What are computational problems in vision?

- Combinatorial Explosion Problem
- Object constancy

What are the 2 models for object recognition?

View dependent frame of reference: Match visual input with many stored representions
- Problems: Heavy burden on memory,       difficult to recognize objects in unusual views


View independent frame of reference: Match visual input with abstract memory representation of an object
- Problems: Less burdon on memory, but object more easily confused

What area's show what repitition priming?

Lateral occipital, fusiform & frontal gyri: RP for same object --> No invariance

Right anterior & posterior fusiform gyri: RP for objects of only different size (not viewpoint -->   Size invariant coding, no viewpoint invariant coding

Left anterior & posterior fusiform gyri: Viewpoint invariant coding; RP for differen viewpoints 

Left inferior frontal gyri: Exemplar invariant coding: RP for objects in the same class 


ZIJKANT FRONTAL > RECHTSACHTER FUSIFORM > LINKSACHTER FUSIFORM > LINKSONDER FRONTAL 

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