Summary: Perceptual Processes

Read the summary and the most important questions on Perceptual Processes

• Lecture 1: How sensation turns into perception

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• What is the Mach Band illusion?

  ---> bright and dark stripes (Mach bands) are illusions formed by the visual system
  
  The apparent enhanced contrast that is typically seen at the edges (between bright and dark patterns). Most people can see a brighter strip opposing the dark side and a darker strip opposing the bright side. (see slide 1, p. 4 lecture notes)
  
  (p. 46-47 perceptual textbook)

• What can lesions to the infero-temporal cortex lead to?

  Deficits in object recognition (agnosia) + prosopagnosia

• What are neurons in the parietal lobe (dorsal stream) involved in?

  Visually guided behaviour (action)

• What does lesions to the parietal lobe (dorsal stream) lead to?

  Optic ataxia - a deficit in the visual control of reaching and other movements

• What are patients with lesions to the ventral stream unable and able to do?

  Unable - to perceive the correct orientation 
  Able - to produce the correct action when instructed

• What are feature detectors?

  Neurons that are specialised to detect particular stimuli in their receptive field

• What are two reasons why rod vision is more sensitive than cone vision?

  1. It takes less light to generate a response from an individual rod receptor than from an individual cone receptor.
  
  2. The rods have greater convergence than the cones.

• What did Kuffler find out about the spatial layout of the ganglion cell's receptive field?

  It is essentially concentric ---> a small circular area in the centre responds to an increase in illumination, and a surrounding ring responds to a decrease in illumination. 
  ---> the ganglion cell fires fastest when the spot matches the size of the excitatory centre, and it reduces its firing rate when the spot begins encroach on its inhibitory surround.  
  
  (p. 46 perceptual textbook)

• Lecture 1 Quiz

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• Visual cortex is located in the _______ lobe of the braina) occipitalb) temporalc) parietald) all of the above

  d) all of the above
  
  - the occipital cortex is the main region for vision; however, each of these areas have a role to play in vision.

• Lecture 2: What's the least we can see?

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• What is a photon?

  A quantum of visible light