Cardiovascular pharmacology
14 important questions on Cardiovascular pharmacology
What is the cardiac output?
CO=HRxSV
Hartrate x stroke volume.
at rest: 4,5-5 l/min
during exercise: 20-25 l/min
How is the atrerial pressure regulated?
It is determinded by:
- the autonomic nervous system (fast)
- the renin-angiotensin system (hours or days)
- the kidneys (days or weeks)
How is hart rate determined?
So the rithm is developed by the SA node.
Calcium is really important for hartcontraction.
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What are different types of arrhythmias?
This is livable. There is risk on strokes or fainth, but many people live with this.
- Bradyarrhytmias means that the hart is going slower or even stops. This could be lethal.
How doe calcium challen blockers work?
- there will be a delay in conduction in SA- and AV- node.
- it is used fot hypertension, angina, cardiac dysthythmias.
They are not always save. A two high dose can give a too slow hartrate. Also there could be interaction with grapefruit juice for example.
What are Ischemic heart diseases?
there are stable types which could give pain. But there are also dangerous types that could be lethal.
What is myocardial infarction?
You can get a shock to get your hart working again (Defibrillators). pacemaker is used. Thrombolytic therapy is also used this reduced the deathrate by almost 50%.
What is the vicious cycle of hart disease?
What are drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system?
Angiotensin II will give you vasoconstriction and stimulates release of aldosterone.
What do angiotensin II receptor blockers?
This will also block the actions of angiotensin II, but it does not cause angioedema or cough. It is approved for hypertension only and it does not appear to cause hyperkalemia. In it contraindicated in pregnancy.
You will get a diet with less potasium.
How do diuretics work?
What are thiazide diuretics?
What are potassium-sparing diuretics?
What is osmotic diuretics?
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