Summary: Philosophy Of Science
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1. Rationalism & Empiricism in Antiquity
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By who and for what is Socrates accused?
Meletus accused Socrates as being a wrong-doer in not recognizing the Gods which teh city recognizes, and introducing other new divinities. -
Why are most people not able to attain knowledge according to Heraclitus?
Due to the ever changing nature of appearances. Nothing is, everything becomes. -
What is the motto of Heraclitus & Protagoras:
Truth is in the eye of the beholder. -
What must we do for scientific progress to be made possible according to Aristotle?
Leave abstract theorizing and turn to the empirical facts of nature. -
Definition Peripatetic Axiom (Aquinas):
Nothing is in the intellect which was not first found in the senses. -
What apprehends the first principles according to Aristotle?
Intuition (nous) -
2. A new (philosophy of) science
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What are the two forms of experiment?
1. Observing nature.
2. Intervene in nature; hold all variables fixed but 1. -
Where would science rely on according to Bacon?
No longer on faith, tradition and church authority, but would instead be guided by observation & experiment. -
What are the 3 different views of the position of the earth?
1. Aristotle: earth immobile, located at centre universe.
2. Ptolemeus: earth sits motionless in centre universe, with all planets circling around it.
3. Copernicus: Revolution Heavenly Spheres: earth and other planets revolve around sun. -
What must one do to establish a science based on accurate knowledge according to Bacon?
One must purge the mind of its Idols.
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