Phonetics-I
11 important questions on Phonetics-I
Which are the 5 narrow dipthongs
Which are the 3 extensive dipthongs
Explain 4 facts about the length of vowels
2. The actual length of a vowel is determined by its position in the word; the context and whether it is stressed.
4. A vowel in a final stressed syllable which is followed by nothing/lenis is twice as long as the same vowel before a fortis consonant.
3. You cannot see from transcription that a vowel is lengthened.
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Which are the fortis consonants
(pat, ted, carl & fred saw three sheep charge)
Describe intrusive /r/
You pronounce the intrusive /r/ when a word ending in /ǝ/ is followed by a vowel.
Differences between vowels and consonants
Vowels
Some with voice and some without voice.
All vowels are voiced.
Air stream sometimes completely/partially obstructed.
No obstruction.
usually at the margins of syllables.
Usually in the middle of syllables.
Which words are usually stressed
- lexical words, important for the sense of the sentence, i.e.: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs.
- Some grammatical words (questions, demonstratives, to indicate contrasts): where, what, why, who, when, this, that, these, those, there, here.
Properties of /ʃ/ and /ʒ/
Frisians (regional accents) replace /ʃ/ with /s/.
What is glottal substitution
Dutch speakers tend to use glottal stops between lenis consonants followed by a consonant, i.e.: pub crawl, hardship, bagpipes, which is incorrect as lenis consonants do not have glottal reinforcement.
Properties of /ɪǝ/, /ʊǝ/ and /eǝ/
Dutch speakers pronounce the /r/ in all situations (onle correct when a vowel follows).
Properties of /tʃ/ and /dʒ/
Dutch final hardening.
May be used instead of /tj/ and /dj/.
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