Chapters 8-13
69 important questions on Chapters 8-13
A ring, a disk, and a solid sphere begin rolling down a hill together. Which reaches the bottom first?
-all reach the bottom at the same time
-disk
-sphere
-ring
-need more information
sphere
Which jar will roll down an incline in the shortest time, an empty one or one filled with peanut butter?
-both reach the bottom at the same time
-the empty jar
-the filled jar
-need more information
the filled jar
On a rotating turntable, how do tangential speed and rotational speed vary with distance from the center?
-Both increase in speed with distance.
-Tangential speed increases with distance. Rotational speed is constant.
-Rotational speed increases with distance. Tangential speed is constant.
-Both are constant.
Tangential speed increases with distance. Rotational speed is constant.
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How is a flywheel constructed to maximize its rotational inertia?
-The mass is uniformly distributed across the radius of the disk.
-Most of the mass is concentrated near a ring half way between the axis and the rim.
-Most of the mass is concentrated far from the axis.
-Most of the mass is concentrated near the axis.
Most of the mass is concentrated far from the axis.
As distance increases between most of the mass of an object and its center of rotation, how does rotational inertia change?
-It stays the same.
-It increases.
-It goes to zero.
-It decreases.
It increases.
What does a torque tend to do to an object?
-Torque tends to increase the linear speed of the object.
-Torque tends to twist or change the state of rotation of the object.
-Torque tends to decrease the rotational inertia of the object.
-Torque tends to increase the rotational inertia of the object.
Torque tends to twist or change the state of rotation of the object.
What is meant by the "lever arm" of a torque?
-It is the angle between the applied force vector and the rotational axis.
-It is the distance between the point at which a force is applied and the center of mass of an object.
-It is the perpendicular distance from the rotational axis to the line along which the force acts.
-It is the distance between the point at which a force is applied and the rotational axis.
It is the perpendicular distance from the rotational axis to the line along which the force acts.
How do clockwise and counterclockwise torques compare when a system is balanced?
-They are both zero.
-The clockwise torque is greater.
-The counterclockwise torque is greater.
-They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
The center of gravity of a basketball is located _______.
-at a point opposite to its center of mass
-in the material making up its mass
-at its geometrical center
-at the point of application when balanced
at its geometrical center
Where is the center of mass of a hollow soccer ball?
-In the center of the ball
-At the lowest point of the ball
-At the top-dead
-center of the ball
-Halfway between the center and the lowest point of the ball
In the center of the ball
When a rock tied to a string is whirled in a horizontal circle, doubling the speed _______.
-quadruples the tension in the string
-doubles the velocity, but the string tension remains the same
-decreases the velocity
-doubles the tension in the string
quadruples the tension in the string
Why is centrifugal force in a rotating frame called a "fictitious force"?
-An outside observer has to add in the centrifugal force to understand motion in a rotating frame of reference.
-It is not a fundamental force of nature. Instead, it is a force that only appears in an accelerating frame of reference.
-It is a force physicists had to insert to make the equations work out right.
-Newton made it up.
It is not a fundamental force of nature. Instead, it is a force that only appears in an accelerating frame of reference.
What is required to change the angular momentum of a system?
-Torque
-External force
-Force
-External torque
External torque
When the rotational speed of a rotating system doubles, its angular momentum _______.
-doubles
-reduces to zero
-quadruples
-remains unchanged
doubles
State Newton's law of universal gravitation in words. Then do the same with one equation.
-The force is proportional to the product of two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers: F ~ m1m2/d2.
-The force is proportional to the product of two masses and inversely proportional to the distance between their centers: F ~ m1m2/d.
-The force is proportional to the product of two masses and to the square of the distance between their centers: F ~ m1m2d2.
-The force is proportional to the product of two masses: F ~ m1m2.
The force is proportional to the product of two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers: F ~ m1m2/d2.
What happens to the force of attraction between two planets when the masses of both are doubled?
-The force doubles.
-The force remains the same.
-The force increases by 16.
-The force quadruples.
The force quadruples.
If Earth shrank, but there was no change in its mass, then what would happen to your weight at the surface?
-It would decrease.
-It would increase.
-It would decrease at first and then increase.
-It would stay the same.
It would increase.
As two objects moving toward each other due to gravity get closer, the acceleration of each
-decreases.
-remains constant.
-increases.
increases.
We do not observe tides in a community swimming pool because
-all parts of it are practically the same distance from the Moon.
-the tides are only observed at night.
-gravitation on the small mass of water is negligibly small.
-they are masked by the much stronger pull of Earth gravity.
-it is shallow compared to the ocean.
all parts of it are practically the same distance from the Moon.
The main reason ocean tides exist is that Moon's pull is stronger
-than the pull of the Sun.
-on water closer to it than on water farther away.
-on Earth's oceans than on Earth itself.
-all of the above
on water closer to it than on water farther away.
What is the magnitude of Earth's gravitational force on a 1-kg body at Earth's surface?
-1 kg
-10 N
-6.67 × 10 -11 kg
-6.67 × 10 -11 N
10 N
Would the springs inside a bathroom scale be more compressed or less compressed if you weighed yourself in an elevator that was moving upward at constant velocity? Downward at constant velocity?
-Less compressed while moving upward and more compressed while moving downward
-More compressed while moving upward and while moving downward
-There would be no more compression and no more expansion for both upward and downward motion.
-More compressed while moving upward and less compressed while moving downward
There would be no more compression and no more expansion for both upward and downward motion.
When is your weight measured as mg?
-For a mass accelerating upward with an acceleration g near the surface of Earth
-For a mass accelerating downward with an acceleration g
-For a mass near the surface of Earth in free fall
-For a non-accelerating mass near the surface of Earth
For a non-accelerating mass near the surface of Earth
Which two factors mainly affect ocean tides on Earth?
-the Sun
-the Moon
-Earth's revolution about both the Moon and the Sun
-the pull of distant planets
the Sun
the Moon
the Moon
What is the magnitude of the gravitational field at Earth's center?
-Zero N/kg
-g N/kg
-g/2 N/kg
-2g N/kg
Zero N/kg
How far below a straight-line path does a horizontally projected projectile fall in the first second of fall?
-5 meters
-Depends on the projected speed
-Zero meters
-10 meters
5 meters
A projectile is launched upward at an angle of 70° from the horizontal and strikes the ground a certain distance downrange. For what other angle of launch at the same speed would this projectile land just as far away?
-30°
-20°
-45°
-10°
20°
How far does a projectile drop in 1 second? What is the speed needed for a projectile to orbit Earth?
-5 m, 8 km/s
-1 m, 1.6 km/s
-10 m, 16 km/s
-20 m, 32 km/s
5 m, 8 km/s
How can a projectile "fall around the Earth"?
-The projectile falls 5 m for every 8 km and so does Earth.
-A projectile can "fall around Earth" if the distance it falls matches the curvature of Earth.
-In a circular orbit around a spherical planet, the force and the fall are always toward the center.
-All of the above.
All of the above.
For orbits of greater altitude, is the period longer or shorter? Is the speed faster or slower?
-The period is longer and the speed is slower.
-The period is shorter and the speed is slower.
-The period is longer and the speed is faster.
-The period is shorter and the speed is faster.
The period is longer and the speed is slower.
For an Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit, list all the values that do change.
-Speed and gravitational force
-Speed, gravitational force, and distance from the Sun and Earth
-Speed, gravitational force, and distance from Earth
-Speed
Speed, gravitational force, and distance from Earth
The kinetic energy of a satellite remains constant when the satellite follows a __________.
-any path whatever
-circular path
-elliptical path
-parabolic path
circular path
Escape speed from Earth is any speed equal to or greater than __________.
-9 km/s
-11.2 km/s
-5 km/s
-620 km/s
11.2 km/s
A ball is tossed upward. Neglecting air drag, the acceleration along its path is
-g downward.
-g upward, then g downward.
-0 g.
-g upward.
-none of the above
g downward.
Two projectiles are fired from ground level at equal speeds but different angles. One is fired at an angle of 30° and the other at 60°. Neglecting air resistance, the projectile to hit the ground first will be the one fired at
-60°.
-30°.
-both hit at the same time
30°
According to Kepler, the speed of a planet is slowest when it is
-closest to the Sun.
-farthest from the Sun.
-neither, for speed is a constant.
farthest from the Sun.
Angular momentum is conserved for a satellite in
-circular orbit.
-elliptical orbit.
-both of these
-neither of these
both of these
What causes dust particles and tiny grains of soot to move with Brownian motion?
-Flowing currents
-Collisions with invisible molecules
-The element fire
-Collisions with transparent microorganisms
Collisions with invisible molecules
How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron?
-It is equal and opposite.
-It is about 2000 times larger and opposite in sign.
-It is about 2000 times larger.
-It is equal.
It is equal and opposite.
Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass.
-Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an -atom.
-Mass number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.
-Mass number is the number of electrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.
-Mass number is the number of neutrons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.
Mass number is the number of nucleons; atomic mass is the total mass of an atom.
What is a compound? Cite two examples.
-Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand
-The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2
-Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O
-Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2
Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O
The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of
-orbital electrons.
-neutrons in the nucleus.
-electron shells that surround the nucleus.
-none of the above
orbital electrons.
The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their
-protons.
-neutrons.
-electrons.
electrons.
In our part of the universe, antimatter is
-plentiful.
-short-lived.
-long-lived.
-non-existent.
short-lived
How does the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline substance differ from the arrangement in a noncrystalline (amorphous) substance?
-Atoms in crystals are located in a cubic array. In amorphous materials, they are hexagonal.
-Atoms in crystals are closer together than atoms in amorphous materials.
-Atoms in amorphous materials are in an ordered array. In crystals, they are randomly distributed.
-Atoms in crystals are in an ordered array. In amorphous materials, they are randomly distributed.
Atoms in crystals are in an ordered array. In amorphous materials, they are randomly distributed.
For which of these does density vary most?
-Silver
-Oxygen
-Copper
-Osmium
Oxygen
Which is denser: an object that has a density of 1000 kg/m3 or one that has a density of 1 g/cm3?
-1000 kg/m3
-One is weight density and one is mass density, so it is impossible to compare them.
-They are the same density.
-1 g/cm3
They are the same density.
According to Hooke's law, if you double the force when stretching a spring, the elongation of the spring is normally __________.
-four times as much
-no different, but the same
-twice as much
-half as much
twice as much
What is Hooke's law? Does it apply to elastic materials or to inelastic materials?
-Stretch is proportional to force for elastic materials.
-Stretch is proportional to force for inelastic materials.
-Stretch is inversely proportional to force for elastic materials.
-Stretch is proportional to force for elastic and inelastic materials.
Stretch is proportional to force for elastic materials.
Why are the cross-sections of metal beams in the shape of the letter I instead of solid rectangles?
-To reduce the weight of the beam while preserving the resistance to bending
-To put the most material into the neutral layer
-To give increased weight to a thin vertical beam
-To make the beam much stronger than a solid rectangular beam of the same width and height
To reduce the weight of the beam while preserving the resistance to bending
What is the volume of a sugar cube that measures 1 cm on each side? What is the cross-sectional area of the cube? The total surface area?
-1 cm3, 1 cm2, 1 cm2
-1 cm3, 2 cm2, 4 cm2
-1 cm3, 2 cm2, 6 cm2
-1 cm3, 1 cm2, 6 cm2
1 cm3, 1 cm2, 6 cm2
The crystals in matter are held together by
-amorphous forces.
-excess neutrons.
-cohesive forces.
-electrical bonding forces.
electrical bonding forces.
Compared to a bar of pure gold, the density of a pure gold ring is
-slightly more.
-less.
-the same.
-much more.
the same.
A metal block has a density of 5000 kg per cubic meter and a volume of 2 cubic meters. What is the block's mass?
-10,000 kg
-2500 kg
-1000 kg
-5000 kg
-none of the above
10,000 kg
You wish to drill a hole through a horizontal I-beam supporting a bridge. To weaken the beam the least drill the hole through the
-lower flange.
-upper flange.
-web.
-all the same
web.
The pressure increases on a block resting on a table when you increase the __________.
-surface area
-downward force and surface area
-density of the block
-downward force on the block
downward force on the block
Water pressure in a lake is greater __________.
-midway to the bottom
-at any point, for pressure is the same throughout
-at the bottom
-at the surface
at the bottom
If you swim beneath the surface in saltwater, will the pressure be greater than in fresh water at the same depth?
-The pressure will be zero.
-The pressure will be greater.
-The pressure will be the same.
-The pressure will be less.
The pressure will be greater.
Why does the buoyant force act upward on an object submerged in water?
-Water shields the object from gravity.
-The pressure upward on the deeper bottom is greater than the downward pressure on the top.
-The pressure upward on the top is greater than the downward pressure on the deeper bottom.
-The pressure downward on the deeper bottom is less than the upward pressure on the top.
The pressure upward on the deeper bottom is greater than the downward pressure on the top.
Why isn't there a horizontal buoyant force on a submerged object?
-Force vectors on the top and bottom cancel one another.
-Forces on the sides are zero at every point.
-Force vectors on the sides cancel one another.
-Forces on the top and bottom add and cancel gravity.
Force vectors on the sides cancel one another.
If a 1-L container is immersed halfway into water, what is the volume of the water displaced? What is the buoyant force on the container?
-1 L displaced, 10 N buoyant force
-10 L displaced, 1 N buoyant force
-0.5 L displaced, 10 N buoyant force
-0.5 L displaced, 5 N buoyant force
0.5 L displaced, 5 N buoyant force
If an object suspended by a scale shows a weight of 3 N in air, and 2 N when submerged in water, the buoyant force on the submerged object is __________.
-more than 3 N
-2 N
-1 N
-3 N
1 N
What will these objects do in water: an object denser than water, an object less dense than water, an object that has the same density as water.
-Sink, float, sink
-Float, sink, float
-Sink, float, neither float nor sink
-Float, sink, neither float nor sink
Sink, float, neither float nor sink
What happens to the pressure in all parts of a confined fluid if the pressure in one part is increased?
-The pressure in the other parts remains the same.
-The pressure everywhere increases by different amounts depending on the area of each part.
-The pressure everywhere increases by the same amount.
-The pressure everywhere decreases to conserve total pressure.
The pressure everywhere increases by the same amount.
What geometrical shape has the smallest surface area for a given volume?
-Sphere
-Disk
-Cube
-Cylinder
Sphere
How does the height to which water is lifted in a capillary tube relate to adhesion and the weight of the water lifted?
-Water rises to a height where the adhesive forces equal the weight of the water lifted.
-Water rises to a height where the adhesive forces go to zero.
-Water in narrower tubes rises to a lower height than water in wider tubes.
-Adhesive forces cannot lift any weight of water, but cohesive forces can.
Water rises to a height where the adhesive forces equal the weight of the water lifted.
The pressure at the bottom of a jug filled with water does NOT depend on
-the acceleration due to gravity.
-water density.-the height of the liquid.
-surface area of the water.
-none of the above
surface area of the water.
The volume of water displaced by a floating 20-ton boat
-is 20 cubic meters.
-depends on the shape of the ship's hull.
-is the volume of 20 tons of water.
-is the volume of the boat.
-none of the above
is the volume of 20 tons of water.
Ice cubes submerged at the bottom of a liquid indicate that the liquid
-produces insufficient buoyant force on the ice.
-is warmer than the ice.
-is only partly displaced by the submerged ice.
-is less dense than ice.
is less dense than ice.
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