Summary: Physiology Basic Concepts

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• 1 Theme A

• 1.2 Cardiac action potential

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• Where does depolarization start? And repolarisation?

  Depolarisation starts in endocard and moves to epicard
  Repolarisation starts in epicard and moves to endocard

• 1.3 Genesis of ECG

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• What is the difference in conduction between thick and thin fibers?

  Thick fibers conduct faster than thin fibers because they encounter less resistance

• Longitudinal vs lateral conduction?

  Lateral is parallel condunction and takes more time

• Why does the electrical impulse propagates so slow in the AV node?

  AV node is a network of fine fibers 
  ???
  dia 10

• What is the heart vector?

  The net vector

• What is Enthovens Triangle?

  Way to put pads on patient to measure an ECG

• 1.4 Basics of ECG

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• How does the ECG look like for the patient?

  6 electrodes on the chest and electrodes on the limbs
  the electrode on the right foot is just a neutral electron

• An other lead system is Mason-Likar, what is this?

  Electrodes are placed on the torso and not on the extremities
  --> for exercise measurements

• What pathologies will show up on the ECG?

  Arrhythmias
  Hypertrophy
  Conduction delays
  Infarction

• What is discordant and concordant?

  Discordant = Positive area of QRS complex is smaller than the negative areas. So QRS complex is netto negative. T wave is positive.
  Concordant = T-wave and QRS complex netto both positive (area of positive QRS complex greater than negative areas)