Summary: Physiology Basic Concepts Ii
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1.1 Anatomy urinary system
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What are the essential functions of the kidneys?
- Conserve body fluid and electrolytes and reomve metabolic waste
- Regulate water- and electrolyte balance, tissue osmolality, BP, acid-base balance
- Function also as an endocrine organ: synthesis and secretion of erythropoietin (bone marrow erythropoiesis) and renin (blood pressure) and activation of vitamin D (Ca2+ metabolism)
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Where are the kidneys located in the body?
In the upper abdomen, retroperitoneal -
The kidney is surrounded by fat, how many layers?
2 layers of fat:
- perinephric fat
- renal fascia (membranous layer)
- paranephric fat -
What is the function of the fat layers that surround the kidneys?
Keep them in place -
What is the name of the vein that drains the left kidney?
Left renal vein; left suprarenal vein and gonadal vein
--> the way from large vein to kidney is longer to the left kidney than to the right kidney and this also has a clinical aspect: renal vein entrapment syndrome = compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery anteriorly and abdominal aorta posteriorly -
Where is the entrance to the kidney?
Renal hilum -
Is the kidney unilobar or multilobar?
Multi -
What is the anatomy of the renal hilum?
Renal vein (anterior)Renal artery (middle)Renal pelvis (posterior) -
The kidney is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, what are the two layers of this capsule?
Fibroblast and myofibroblasts, aids in resisting volume and pressure variations -
What are the two distinct regions of the kidney (peripheral parenchyma)?
Cortex (outer part)
-cortical labyrinths
- renalcolumns = part medulla (between the pyramids)
Medulla (inner part)
-medullary pyramids (renal papilla)
-medullary rays (project into the cortex)
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