DT and concentration/dilution

10 important questions on DT and concentration/dilution

What is the difference between peritubular capillaries and vasa recta?

Vasa recta is capillary loop around loop of Henle, while peritubular capillaries are capillaries around the distal and proximal tubule

Why is water flowing in the renal tubules?

Concentration differences (osmotic gradient)

Where does ADH act on?

The collecing ducts, cause reabsorption of water
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What is the osmolality in different parts of the kidney?

Different parts of the kidney with the osmolality

What is the volume of the urine if it is maximally concentrated, maximally diluted and the average?

Maximal concentration = 0.5 L
Maximal dilution = 20 L
Average = 2 L

What is the volume of the urine if it is maximally concentrated, maximally diluted and the average?

Maximal concentration = 0.5 L
Maximal dilution = 20 L
Average = 2 L

How is urea handled by the kidney?

Both filtered, reabsorbed and secreted

What is essential for urea reabsorption?

ADH

What is the function of urea?

Contributes to the interstitial osmotic gradient. Thus, urea also contributes to the single effect

What are the main osmoles in the outer medulla of the kidney? And in the inner medulla?

Outer medulla = Na+ and Cl-
Inner medulla = urea

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