Anatomy urinary system
33 important questions on Anatomy urinary system
What is the anatomy of the renal hilum?![]()
Renal artery (middle)
Renal pelvis (posterior)
What is the renal sinus?
What are the parts of the renal sinus?
- minor and major calyces
- perinephric fat, blood vessels etc.
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What is a kidney lobe?
How is the blood supply to and from the kidney?
renal artery
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobular arteries
capillary
interlobular veins
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
segmental veins
renal veins
What are the five segments of the kidney?
What is the structure of t![]()
he nephron?
2 = Proximal thick segment, consists of convoluted tubule (TC I) and straight tubule (TR I)
3 = thin segment, the thin part of the loop of Henle
4 = straight tubule (TR II) and convoluted tubule (TC II)
Yellow = collecting tubule (outside the nephron), the ductus colligens and ductus papillaris.
black = medullary ray
Where does ultrafiltration takes place?
What is the function of the descending and ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Ascending = passive reabsorption of Cl-, Na+ and K+
What is the vasa recta?
What is the function of the vasa recta?
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
What is the (microscopic) difference between the proximal and distal tubule?
Distal = no brush border
What is special about the blood supply and drainage to/of the glomerulus?
What is special about the blood supply and drainage to/of the glomerulus?
What is special about the endothelial cells of the glomerular apparatus?
Where does Bowman's capsule consists of?
What are the three layers of the glomerular basement membrane?
2. Lamina densa
3. Lamina rara externa
What is the function of the glomerular basement membrane?
Why is the lamina densa a physical filter?
Why is the lamina rarae a ion-selective filter?
Where do the slit pores consists of?
Which three cell types are present in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
- Macula densa cells
- juxtaglomerular cells
- extraglomerular mesangial cells
What are macula densa cells?
Specialized cells DT (TR II) at vascular pole
Chemosensor for [Na+] tubular fluid
What are juxtaglomerular cells?
Modified smooth muscle cells of the tunica media of the afferent arteriole
Synthesize and secrete renin
What are extraglomerular mesangial cells?
Modified smooth muscle cells, function unknown
How does the juxtaglomerular apparatus work?
Which structure deliver urine from the pyramids to the minor renal calyces?
How does the urine reach the bladder?
There are three constriction sites in the ureters, which three?
2. External iliac artery and/or pervic brim
3. Bladder wall
How many openings does the bladder has?
The urethra of men consists of 4 parts and 2 spincters, which parts and which sphincters?
Sphincters: internal, involuntary (bladder) and external, voluntary (lower)
--> in women only one part and only the external, voluntary sphincter
What is the type of epithelium in every part of the tubule?
Loop = thick squamous to low cuboidal
TRII, TCII = cuboidal
Collecting duct = cuboidal to cylindrical
vasa recta = thin squamous (endothelium)
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