Volume regulation

6 important questions on Volume regulation

What is volume regulation?

Regulation of the effective circulating volume to maintain the blood pressure by adjusting NaCl balance. Blood pressure is important for tissue perfusion

What does adding/removing of NaCl mainly affect?

ECF

How are changes in ECV sensed?

By baroreceptors, there are two types:
  • low pressure baroreceptors (very important)
    • cardiac atria
    • pulmonary vasculature
  • high pressure baroreceptors (less important)
    • carotid sinus
    • aortic arch
    • juxtaglomerular apparatus (renal afferent arteriole)
  • sensors in the CSN (less important)
  • sensors in the liver (less important)
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What are main pathways that influence the EffCV?

  • RAAS
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
--> sodium retention

  • Arginin vasopressin (AVP) = antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
--> antidiuresis

How can RAAS be blocked?

ACE inhibitors
NSAIDs
beta blockers
angiotensin receptor blockers
disease
aldosterone receptor blockers
sodium channel blockers

How can RAAS be blocked?

ACE inhibitors
NSAIDs
beta blockers
angiotensin receptor blockers
disease
aldosterone receptor blockers
sodium channel blockers

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