PT and Henle
20 important questions on PT and Henle
What is the sodium balance?
Where is the largest amount of sodium and water reabsorbed?
--> also other substances: chloride, phosphate, glucose, amino acids, uric acid etc. But sodium and water the largest amount
Where is the descending limb of the Loop of Henle permeable to?
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Where is the thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle permeable to?
Where is the thick segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle permeable to?
What is secreted in the proximal tubule?
How is sodium reabsorbed?
Which two transporters are important for pumping Na+ into the cells of the tubule?
SGLT2 = cotransporter glucose and Na+
Which pump is present in the thick ascending limb?
Which pump is present in the distal tubules?
What are the pumps for sodium transport in the collecting duct?
How many systems are involved in regulation of the sodium balance?
- RAAS system
- Activation of the autonomic nervous system (pressure sensors)
- ANP production by the heart (counteractive)
What is the function of diuretics?
- loop diuretics
- thiazides
What is the role of K + on sodium reabsorption?
A high [
--> this transporter is found in the distal convoluted tubule
in the case of a high [
What is the use of SGLT2 inhibitors?
How do SGLT2 inhibitors work?
For which disease are SGLT2 inhibitors useful?
What is the difference in diet between past and now?
--> normally the kidneys want to retain the sodium and excrete the potassium -> leads to hypertension as concentration of sodium is already high due to diet
What is the function of the proxiumal tubuli?
- secretion (creatinine, drugs, H+, NH4+)
Which substance is not reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?
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