Vascular anatomy
22 important questions on Vascular anatomy
Which three vascular systems excist?
2. Venous
3. Lymphatic
What is the function of the venous system? And of the arterial system?
Arterial: supply function (bp = 100 mmHg)
What is the difference in blood pressure between veins and arteries?
Veins = 20 mmHg
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What is the general structure of the vascular wall?
Lamina elastica interna (part of tunica intima)
Tunica media
Lamina elastica externa (lee) (part of tunica media)
Tunica adventitia
Which layer of the vascular wall is the most variable?
What are the types of arteries, from the heart?
Muscular artery
Arteriole
Continuous capillary
What is the purpose of the elastic layers in elastic arteries?
- push blood to medium arteries downstream
- examples: aorta , pulmonary arteries, pulmonary trunk
--> elastin
What happens with vessels in systole and diastole?
Diastole: absorbed energy is converted into blood flow
What type of muscle fibers do muscular arteries consist of?
Contraction of these muscle fibers narrows the vascular lumen (vasoconstriction)
--> regulation of blood flow, distribution of blood
What are examples of medium muscular arteries?
aa. Femorales
What is the function of the arterioles?
Important in regulation of blood pressure: peripheral vascular resistance (tonus)
What are true terminal arteries?
Occlusion of end-arteries results in total interruption of blood supply to the tissue
--> retina
What are functional terminal arteries?
--> brain, liver, kidneys, spleen and intestines (sometimes the heart)
What is the function of the capillaries?
Drain to the venules
What types of capillaries excist?
- fenestrated capillaries - found in kidney, digestive tract and endocrine organs
What are arterio-venous shunts/connections?
--> in skin (thermoregulatory function)
What are venules and what is their function?
What are medium veins?
What are mechanisms to prevent backflow of blood in vessels where blood flow is opposite to gravity?
- active assistance by striated muscle contraction
- passive assistance of flow towards heart
What is a difference in vessel wall structure between arteries and veins?
Veins have a well developed and thick tunica adventitia, arterie not
What are functional properties of endothelium?
Production glycocalyx
Where can intimal thickening lead to?
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