Review - sleep
3 important questions on Review - sleep
Describe how sleep is regulated by the brain.
- Adenosine is a sleep promoting substance that accumulates during wakefulness and is degraded during sleep --> inhibits neural activity and causes sleep deprivation symptoms; caffeine blocks adenosine receptors
- genetic factors affect the duration of slow wave sleep --> differences in adenosine deaminase gene (breaks down adenosine); G/A allele breaks down adenosine more slowly, longer slow wave sleep.
- genetic factors affect the duration of slow wave sleep --> differences in adenosine deaminase gene (breaks down adenosine); G/A allele breaks down adenosine more slowly, longer slow wave sleep.
Describe the different types of sleep waves and when you would see each.
- Awake activity
- alpha waves - resting, medium frequency waves, regular
- beta waves - alert, attentive, high frequency waves, irregular
- theta waves - sleeping, medium/low frequency waves
- delta waves - deep sleep, low frequency
Describe different neurotransmitters and their levels in wakefulness and REM/deep sleep.
- Adenosine - increase with longer wake periods, low in REM
- Acetylcholine - high in wake, high in rem; involved in arousal of cerebral cortex
- Norepinephrine- high in wake, low in rem
- serotonin - high in wake, low in rem
- histamine - high in wake, low in rem
- orexin - high in wake, low in rem
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