Review - other senses
3 important questions on Review - other senses
Describe the roles of the different sensory cells in the skin.
- Glabrous skin- hairless skin (palms of hands, soles of feet)
- skin receptors
- skin receptors
- Merkels' disks - touch sensitive, detect form and roughness (especially by fingertips)
- Ruffini corpuscles - touch sensitive, detect stretching and force against skin
- Meissner's corpuscle (only in glabrous skin) - touch sensitive, detect edges, contours, braille-like stimuli
- Pacinian corpuscle - vibration sensitive
- Free nerve endings (only in hairy skin) - temperature sensitive, detect pain, tickle --> more for alerting us of things
Describe the components to pain perception and associated neural regions.
Pain is produced by networks of free nerve endings in the skin --> triggers species-specific avoidance mechanisms.
- 3 types of pain receptors:
- 3 types of pain receptors:
- Respond to intense pressure
- Respond to extreme heat, acid, and capsacin
- Respond to pungent/chemical irritants
- sensory component - perception of intensity of painful stimulus (primary and secondary somatosensory cortex)
- emotional component - unpleasantness/distress due to painful stimulus (anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex)
- long term emotional responses to chronic pain - threat to future comfort and well being (prefrontal cortex)
Describe the 6 qualities of taste and how their receptors work.
- generally, taste molecules bind to taste receptors and cause changes in membrane permeability to ions which causes changes in membrane potential.
- Bitter - poison alkaloids; almost universally avoided; linked to G proteins
- Sour - commonly avoided (responds to hydrogen ions present in acidic solutions)
- Sweet- food detectors for safety; linked to G proteins
- Salty- signal sodium chloride; receptor is a sodium channel (sodium enters the cell and depolarizes it)
- Umami- monosodium glutamate, savory, protein detectors; linked to G proteins
- Fatty- detect fatty acids
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