Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System - Cells of the Nervous System
6 important questions on Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System - Cells of the Nervous System
What are the locations of the central and peripheral nervous systems?
How do the PNS and CNS communicate?
What are the structures of a neuron and their general function?
- Soma (cell body): contains the machinery that provides for the life processes of the cell.
- Dendrites: receive neural messages of other neurons.
- Axon: outer surface carries information from the cell body to the terminal buttons, called the action potential.
- Terminal buttons: secrete neurotransmitter which can either excites or inhibits the receiving cell.
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What is the difference between anterograde axoplasmic transport and retrograde axoplasmic transport?
Retrograde axoplasmic transport is movement form the terminal buttons to the soma. This form of transport is accomplished by molecules of a protein called dynein.
What are the functions of the supporting cells of the CNS?
- Astrocyte:
- Provide physical support to neurons.
- Clean up waste within the brain through phagocytosis.
- Help control chemical composition of the fluid surrounding neurons.
- Providing nourishment to neurons.
- Serve as "nerve-glue".
- Provide support to axons.
- Produce myelin sheet.
- Become part of an axon's myelin sheath.
- Oligodendrocytes:
- Act as phagocytes.
- Protect the brain against invading microorganisms.
- Responsible for the inflammatory reaction in response to brain damage.
- Microglia
What are the functions of the supporting cells of the PNS?
- Counterpart of the oligodendrocytes.
- Surrounds the axon with the entire cell.
- Produce myelin.
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