General Medicine - Intro + digestive system

16 important questions on General Medicine - Intro + digestive system

How did the British Medial Journal describe health?

The ability to adapt and self manage in the face of social, physical and emotional challenges

Facts about the GP practice:

  • The GP is part of primary care
  • About 75% of all registered patients visits the GP at least once a year
  • GP's should ask their patient about ICE (Ideas, Concerns, Expectations)

Explain the diagnostic process, 3 steps:

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Imaging technique:
Radiography (X-rays, CT-scans)

  • Most common form of medical imaging (X-rays)
  • Uses electromagnetic (ionizing) radiation
  • Structures that absorb the high energy beams will appear in white: bones and prosthetics (dense structures and high atomic number)
  • Relatively inexpensive
  • CT-scan = computes tomography: several high-resolution cross-sectional images are taken to create a more 3D view of the body parts (position and shape) -> tumours, blood clots, infections

Imaging technique:
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

  • This technology uses magnets and radiowaves to produce an image of the soft tissues of the body: tumours, organ damage
  • No radiation (less risk than CT-scan)
  • High-resolution images
  • Based on movement of protons in the body

Imaging technique:
Nuclear Medicine (e.g. PET-scans)

  • Uses radioactive tracers (isotopes) bonded to a carrier molecule (e.g. Modified glucose)
  • Administration: intravenous, oral, inhalation
  • Produces 3D image through detection of photons
  • Can view all types of tissues
  • Usually for digestive or circulatory system, also for lungs (e.g. Pulmonary embolism)

Imaging technique:
Ultrasound (echography)

  • High frequency sound waves
  • Does not use radiation: safe!
  • Hard tissues (white) and soft tissues (grey) can be viewed using an ultrasound machine: diagnose diseases, monitor a fetus during fetal development, viewing blood flow through the body, and viewing the heart
  • Can capture movement (live images)
  • Small portable machines

Quiz:
Which of the following is NOT a major type of medical imaging?
a. MRI
b. Radiography
c. Nuclear medicine
d. Radioactive medicine

d. Radioactive medicine

Which of these is better for imaging compact bone?
a. MRi
b. Ultrasound
c. Plain X-rays
d. CT
e. PET

d. CT

Bony structures appear ... On an ultrasound image:

White

Ultrasound is safe for use in pregnancy because it does not use...
a. Iodizing radiation
b. Magnets
c. Sound
d. Electricity

a. Iodizing radiation

Which of the following types of medical imaging would make the most sense for taking a quick, rough look at an internal organ like the liver?
a. Radiography
b. Nuclear medicine
c. Ultrasound
d. MRI scanner

c. Ultrasound

If you want to detect biochemical changes in an organ before anatomical changes occur, you'd best be advised to use...

PET-scan

Which of the following types of medical imaging would be a good choice for creating a detailed image of the brain?

MRI scanner

Hollow structures or fluid cavities appear ... On an ultrasound image.

Black

What is medical imaging?

The process of creating images of the inside of the human body to diagnose medical problems and aid in the treatment process

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