General Medicine - ATP yiels, TCA cycle
7 important questions on General Medicine - ATP yiels, TCA cycle
Risk factors of stroke are...
- > 60 yrs
- stroke or TIA history
- smoking / inactive lifestyle
- high blood pressure, heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity
- family history of strokes
How to diagnose a stroke?
- Check alertness; immobility of one side of the face; trouble with coordination and balance, vision or speech
- Check numbness, weakness
- Physical exam: blood pressure, listen to the heart
- Blood tests and imaging tests (CT, MRI, ultrasound)
- EKG (heart electrical activity) and EEG (brain electrical activity
What are important factors when looking at a blood test in stroke diagnosis?
- Complete blood count: check for level of platelets (help bloodclotting). And measure electrolyte levels to indicate kidneyfunction.
- Clotting time: PT test (prothrombin time) and PTT test (partial thromboplastin time) can check how quickly you blood clots. If it takes too long, it could be a sign of bleeding problems.
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Risk factors of meningitis are...
- a danger for people with medical condiitons (e.g., damage/missing spleen, long-term disease, immune system disorders)
- because meningitis can spread easily through germs, it happens in places where people live close to each other
How to diagnose meningitis?
- Physical exam: check for neck stiffness, skin rash
- blood tests to find bacteria
- CT/MRI of the head to find swelling/inflammation
- collect cerebrospinal fluid can tell the cause of meningitis
How to treat meningitis?
- Bacterial: treatment with antibiotics right away. A drug that targets the specific bacteria. Corticosteroids given to ease inflammation.
- Vial: goes away on its own without treatment. Stay in bed and drink a lot of fluid. Can take antiviral medication
- Fungal: antifungal medications
What is ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) ?
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