Why do planning theory? - John Friedmann

8 important questions on Why do planning theory? - John Friedmann

What did the survey of planning practitioners reveal regarding the usefulness of planning theory?

The survey found that none of the planning practitioners had found planning theory or any theory useful as they dealt with conflicting interests. They learned through practical experience rather than theory.

Why do many planners go through their education without a clear understanding of planning theory?

There is no consensus on what constitutes 'planning theory,' leading to confusion, and as a result, most planners lack a clear understanding of planning theory in its various dimensions.

What are the three discussed types of theories related to planning?

The three types of theories discussed are:
  1. Theories in Planning (Substantive theories): These focus on different objects or areas of planning, such as land use, transport, urban design, regional development, etc.
  2. Theories of Planning (Procedural theories): These focus on the process of planning and methods of planning, including the decision-making process in spatial development.
  3. Theories for/about planning (Normative theories): These focus on the goals and ends that planning should aim for, such as theories of the public good and social justice.
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What type of planning theory is often seen as irrelevant to practice?

Theories of Planning (Procedural theories) are often perceived as irrelevant to practice and are the subject of debate.

Why does the author (Friedman) argue that planning practice cannot exist without a theory about how it should be practiced?

Friedman believes that planning practice requires a theory about how it should be practiced. When planners argue that planning should reflect a general or public interest, they are guided by a theory of planning.

What major changes have contributed to the rethinking of planning according to the author (Friedman)?

Major changes, such as globalization, neoliberalist ideologies, multiculturalism, and postmodernity, have contributed to the rethinking of planning. Leonie Sandercock's book "Towards Cosmopolis: Planning for Multicultural Cities" is highlighted as a significant contribution.

What is radical/insurgent planning, and why does it matter, according to the author (Friedman)?

Radical/insurgent planning is a tradition rooted in civil society rather than the state, aligned with social movements for various causes. It is inspired by normative theories underpinning these movements. Friedman argues that denying this radical edge a place within planning theory implies that the issues addressed by radical planners are of no concern to contemporary city builders, and mainstream, state-centered planning is the only one that counts.

Why does the author (Friedman) argue that planning theory matters despite critiques like Sanyal's?

Friedman contends that planning theory is essential to the vitality and continued relevance of planning as a profession, even though it may face criticism. It plays a crucial role in guiding planning practice and ensuring that planning reflects broader societal goals and values.

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