Rittel Horst & Webber, Melvin. 1973. Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning, Policy Sciences 4, 155-169
5 important questions on Rittel Horst & Webber, Melvin. 1973. Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning, Policy Sciences 4, 155-169
How has the professional's role in solving problems evolved, and what challenges do they face in goal formulation, problem definition, and equity issues?
What are the two beliefs regarding goal formulation in planning?
- Make ability/unrestricted malleability of the future through reasoning, rational discourse, and civilized negotiation.
- A feeling-based approach that aims to overcome "The System."
How has the view of planning evolved from the industrial age, and why is problem definition challenging in open societal systems?
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What are the characteristics of wicked problems in planning?
- No definitive formulation.
- No stopping rule.
- Solutions are not true-or-false but good-or-bad.
- No immediate or ultimate test of a solution.
- Every solution is a "one-shot operation."
- No enumerable set of potential solutions.
- Essentially unique.
- Symptoms of other problems.
- Multiple explanations.
- Planners have no right to be wrong.
- Ethical components.
What challenges arise in the social context of planning, especially with a growing population?
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