Friedman, John. 1987. The meditations of radical planning, in Friedman, John, Planning in the public domain: from knowledge to action, Princeton, pp. 389-412

10 important questions on Friedman, John. 1987. The meditations of radical planning, in Friedman, John, Planning in the public domain: from knowledge to action, Princeton, pp. 389-412

What is the importance of transformative theory in radical planning?

Transformative theory is vital for radical planning as it provides a critical interpretation of the structural problems of capitalist society in a global context. It helps chart the future course of these problems, elaborates images of preferred outcomes, and suggests strategies for overcoming resistance from established powers.

What characterizes transformation theory according to John Friedman?

Transformation theory should have an expressive language, consistency in the relation of its parts, comprehensiveness regarding relevant variables, and a formulation allowing adaptation to unique settings.

What is the central task of radical planning, as identified by transformation theory?

The central task of radical planning is the meditation of theory and practice in social transformation. This involves shaping transformative theory to make critical statements and maintaining some distance from the front lines to provide serious critique.
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How does knowledge become established among radical planners?

Knowledge among radical planners is established through communicative acts. It is contextual and points to action, strategy, expanding possibilities, and understanding the present and near future for making decisive contributions.

What are the key components of radical planning, and why must they be used together?

The key components are selective de-linking, collective self-empowerment, and self-reliance. They must be used together to be effective, as self-empowerment involves investing in different axes with a spatial component.

How does John Friedman describe the relationship between theory and practice in radical planning?

Radical practice should be guided by theory, but theory should also come from practice. Boundaries, such as hierarchy, academic disciplines, parochialism, and theory/practice distinctions, can constrain the free flow of ideas.

What role does the radical planner play in the process of transformative practice?

The radical planner draws commitment from potential actors (e.g., action groups) to engage in transformative practice. They mediate between the state and the people, facilitating transformative action.

What are the key requirements for actors to be successful in strategic action, according to Friedman?

Successful actors should be grounded in reliable information, aware of major constraints on their choices, have a sense of political options, and be continuously informed.

What dilemmas are associated with radical planning, as described by Friedman?

Dilemmas include striking the right critical distance (not too close, not too distant), deciding when to bring open inquiry to a close, and balancing the unity of opposites, where critique and affirmation must be linked dialectically.

How does the state relate to radical planning, according to Friedman

The state's presence is pervasive, and social advances achieved through radical planning may reach material limits without state involvement. Politics of empowerment, redistribution, and place are relevant, focusing on power, resource allocation, and defense of people's life spaces against capital and bureaucracy.

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