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The creation of the Atlantic Alliance

11 important questions on The creation of the Atlantic Alliance

Creation of the Atlantic Alliance. Describe the evolution in four steps:

From the Dunkirk Pact 1947 to the Brussels Treaty 1948.
The American commitment: the Vandenberg Resolution 1948.
The Washington Treaty 1949: the trans-Atlantic Alliance.
The creation of NATO 1951-1955: members, objectives and institutional structure.

From Dunkirk to Brussels. What happened during the timespan of 1945-1948?

Consolidation of USSR at CEEC (Central and Eastern European Countries) and coalition governments with Communist Parties in France and Italy.

Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and France. Highly automatized mutual defence mechanism in case of threat or actual German aggression (art. II), as well as economic consultations (art. IV) and mutual alliance (art. V).

Which treaty is described above?

Dunkirk treaty.

Treaty of economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence. -> Multilateral pact of collective defence. It goes beyond protection against German threat and creation of a regional security organization (Western Union).

What treaty is described above?

Brussels treaty.

Brussels treaty. It goes beyond protection against German threat and creation of a regional security organization (Western Union):

First collective security defence treaty in Western Europe.
Organization under an intergovernmental structure.
First step to achieve a "Western democratic system".

Washington Treaty (WT): Atlantic Alliance 1949. North Atlantic Treaty of 1949. First Transatlantic defence pact. It doesn't create any kind of organization (just an alliance). Provide three aspects of this treaty:

Defensive pact.
It can only intervene in the territories of its Member States (MS).
Legal base: art. 51 UN Charter.

12 founding MS: France, UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, USA, Canada, Italy, Denmark, Portugal, Norway and Iceland.

Washington treaty: Atlantic Alliance 1949: Provide the definition of the following articles: 1, 2, 3 and 4:

Art. 1: Adherence to UN Charter principles.
Art. 2: Commitment to develop free institutions and to promote economic cooperation.
Art. 3: Material mutual aid.
Art. 4: Formal equality regime among Member States.

Washington treaty: Atlantic Alliance 1949: Provide the definition of the following articles: 6, 9, 10 and 13:

Art. 6: Geographical limitation of the Treaty.
Art. 9: Institutionalization (Council and Defense Committee).
Art. 10: Accession (toetreding) conditions.
Art. 13: Possibility to leave the Treaty 20 years after it enters into force.

Describe four functions of NATO (1951-1955):

Military-Political organization.
To promote collective defence and maintain peace and security.
Political consultations (art. 4).
Defence, military and arms cooperation:

Massive Retaliation strategy.
Flexible Response strategy.

To keep the Americans in, the Russians out, and the German Down. Lord Ismay.

NATO Structure. Describe the civil structure:

North Atlantic Council (NAC). Decisions by unanimity. Headquarters in Brussels.
Since 1957 the General Secretary chairs at NAC. Currently, Jens Stontelberg (Norway). From NAC depend on several committees, subcommittees and other organs.
Nuclear Planning Committee (since December 1966): NATO nuclear doctrine consultative process.

NATO structure. Describe the integrated military structure:

Military Committee (MS army chief of staff; NATO top military authority).
Military commands divided in three great areas:

SPACEUR supreme allied commander Europe; all mainland Europe except Portugal, Iceland and UK.
SACLANT (supreme allied commander Atlantic). Atlantic ocean including Portugal and Iceland.
CINCHAN (commander-in-chief Channel) defence English Channel and North Sea, including UK.

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Political International Europe

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The creation of the Atlantic Alliance

11 important questions on The creation of the Atlantic Alliance

Creation of the Atlantic Alliance. Describe the evolution in four steps:

From Dunkirk to Brussels. What happened during the timespan of 1945-1948?

Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and France. Highly automatized mutual defence mechanism in case of threat or actual German aggression (art. II), as well as economic consultations (art. IV) and mutual alliance (art. V). Which treaty is described above?

Treaty of economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence. -> Multilateral pact of collective defence. It goes beyond protection against German threat and creation of a regional security organization (Western Union). What treaty is described above?

Brussels treaty. It goes beyond protection against German threat and creation of a regional security organization (Western Union):

Washington Treaty (WT): Atlantic Alliance 1949. North Atlantic Treaty of 1949. First Transatlantic defence pact. It doesn't create any kind of organization (just an alliance). Provide three aspects of this treaty:

Washington treaty: Atlantic Alliance 1949: Provide the definition of the following articles: 1, 2, 3 and 4:

Washington treaty: Atlantic Alliance 1949: Provide the definition of the following articles: 6, 9, 10 and 13:

Describe four functions of NATO (1951-1955):

NATO Structure. Describe the civil structure:

NATO structure. Describe the integrated military structure:

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Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and France. Highly automatized mutual defence mechanism in case of threat or actual German aggression (art. II), as well as economic consultations (art. IV) and mutual alliance (art. V).

Which treaty is described above?

Treaty of economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence. -> Multilateral pact of collective defence. It goes beyond protection against German threat and creation of a regional security organization (Western Union).

What treaty is described above?