Clientelism and representation in Latin America

7 important questions on Clientelism and representation in Latin America

What are the two general definitions of clientelism?

- electoral clientelism -> proffering of material goods in return for electoral support -> did you (will you) support me?

- relational clientelism -> more over time, it relies on a one of loyalty -> beyond just the elections

What are subtypes of clientelism?

- vote buying -> exchange of resources for votes
- patronage -> exchange of public sector jobs or public resources for political support

What are neighboring concepts of clientelism?

- corruption -> partial overlap, but it is for private gain and not for political

- pork barrel politics -> electorally motivation allocation of public goods and distributional strategy -> mainly related to policy legislation
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How can responsiveness best be defined, considered the chain of democratic representation?

Direct and indirect

politicians tend to be more responsive to voters than citizens in general

How can accountability best be defined, considering the chain of democratic representation?

Accountability is based on the policy outcome and on what policies are being initiated

In what way can clientelism mess with the labels of left and right?

Many voters then do not really know/read the party programs. Placing yourself on a left-right scale becomes less important

What are the main findings of this paper?

Clientelism makes it harder to do programmatic politics. Meaning that it undermines the precondition of programmatic politics, which is placing yourself on a left-right scale. It hinders voters to develop a political informed opinion in a way

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